The impacts of relative sea-level (RSL) variations and crust mobility on the development of ancient harbours in the northern Persian Gulf are poorly understood. Many unanswered questions remain with regard to the main reasons for a shift in the location of the most important ancient harbours in the northern part of the Persian Gulf coastal since 50 BC. Furthermore, some important early Islamic harbours, such as Siraf, have ancient city quarters that are today below the present sea level. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between halokinesis and RSL changes using geophysical models and multidisciplinary geoarchaeological methods at the ancient Sassanid–Islamic site of Bataneh (presently known as Najirum) located at the foothill of an active Darang salt diapir. The results reveal that after the mid-Holocene highstand, RSL regression was not continuous. The studied facies have recorded three RSL oscillations. The oscillations are correlated with the eustatic sea-level position. During the first lowstand, important Sassanid harbours shifted from Rishar to Apologus. The second lowstand is consistent with the transition of maritime trade from Apologus to Siraf, during the Abbasid dynasty. Uplift of the Bataneh coastal zone exposed the city to risks from flooding and fluvial debris flows. With a modification of the local watershed, runoff water originating from the salt anticlinal was controlled and used for the extraction of gypsum in evaporation ponds. The economic expansion of Siraf led to Bataneh being abandoned with a shift in trade to Kish Island.

中文翻译：

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伊朗波斯湾 Bataneh (Najirum) 考古遗址全新世晚期相对海平面波动和地壳流动性

相对海平面 (RSL) 变化和地壳流动性对波斯湾北部古港口发展的影响知之甚少。关于自公元前 50 年以来波斯湾沿岸北部最重要的古代港口位置发生变化的主要原因，许多悬而未决的问题仍然存在。此外，一些重要的早期伊斯兰港口，如西拉夫，拥有今天低于目前海平面的古城区。本研究的目的是使用地球物理模型和多学科地质考古方法，在位于活跃的达朗盐底辟山麓的巴塔尼古萨珊-伊斯兰遗址（现称为纳吉鲁姆）评估晕动作用与 RSL 变化之间的关系。结果表明，在全新世中期之后，RSL 回归不是连续的。研究的相记录了三个 RSL 振荡。振荡与海平面位置相关。在第一个低位，重要的萨珊港口从 Rishar 转移到 Apologus。第二个低位与阿拔斯王朝期间从阿波罗格斯到西拉夫的海上贸易过渡相一致。Bataneh 沿海地区的隆起使该市面临洪水和河流泥石流的风险。通过对当地流域的改造，来自盐背斜的径流水得到控制并用于蒸发池中的石膏提取。Siraf 的经济扩张导致 Bataneh 被放弃，贸易转移到 Kish 岛。振荡与海平面位置相关。在第一个低位，重要的萨珊港口从 Rishar 转移到 Apologus。第二个低位与阿拔斯王朝期间从阿波罗格斯到西拉夫的海上贸易过渡相一致。Bataneh 沿海地区的隆起使该市面临洪水和河流泥石流的风险。通过对当地流域的改造，来自盐背斜的径流水得到控制并用于蒸发池中的石膏提取。Siraf 的经济扩张导致 Bataneh 被放弃，贸易转移到 Kish 岛。振荡与海平面位置相关。在第一个低位，重要的萨珊港口从 Rishar 转移到 Apologus。第二个低位与阿拔斯王朝期间从阿波罗格斯到西拉夫的海上贸易过渡相一致。Bataneh 沿海地区的隆起使该市面临洪水和河流泥石流的风险。通过对当地流域的改造，来自盐背斜的径流水得到控制并用于蒸发池中的石膏提取。Siraf 的经济扩张导致 Bataneh 被放弃，贸易转移到 Kish 岛。第二个低位与阿拔斯王朝期间从阿波罗格斯到西拉夫的海上贸易过渡相一致。Bataneh 沿海地区的隆起使该市面临洪水和河流泥石流的风险。通过对当地流域的改造，来自盐背斜的径流水得到控制并用于蒸发池中的石膏提取。Siraf 的经济扩张导致 Bataneh 被放弃，贸易转移到 Kish 岛。第二个低位与阿拔斯王朝期间从阿波罗格斯到西拉夫的海上贸易过渡相一致。Bataneh 沿海地区的隆起使该市面临洪水和河流泥石流的风险。通过对当地流域的改造，来自盐背斜的径流水得到控制并用于蒸发池中的石膏提取。Siraf 的经济扩张导致 Bataneh 被放弃，贸易转移到 Kish 岛。