Introduction

Values-based practice is an important concept within healthcare decision-making that sits alongside evidence-based practice. Values Exchange (Vx) (http://www.vxcommunity.com) is an online tool that supports the development of ethical and professional decision-making skills through values transparency. The aim of this research was to explore the perceived impact of long-term use of the tool during undergraduate study on pharmacy graduates' early practice.

Methods

Alumni in their pre-registration year or up to two years qualified were invited to participate via a question at the end of a survey, with additional students invited prospectively during an undergraduate lecture. All had completed three cases per year on Vx during the four-year master of pharmacy course. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and framework analysis was applied. Ethical approval was obtained.

Results

A total of 18 interviews (nine pharmacists and nine pre-registration tutees) were conducted between May 2015 and March 2016. Thirteen participants were female, 13 were based in community pharmacy, and 10 were Caucasian. Interviews ranged from 50 min to 2 hours. Three themes emerged from the data: (1) the Vx learning environment, (2) learning and reflection, and (3) potential enhancements for learning. Participants perceived Vx to be an effective teaching tool supporting the development of skills necessary to exercise professional judgement in pharmacy practice.

Conclusions

Vx appears to be a worthy addition to the armoury of teaching methods necessary to support future pharmacists in their preparedness to deal with ethical and professional dilemmas in practice.

中文翻译：

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药学毕业生对本科长期使用伦理决策支持工具对其早期实践的影响

介绍

基于价值的实践是医疗保健决策中的一个重要概念，与循证实践并驾齐驱。价值观交流 (Vx) (http://www.vxcommunity.com) 是一种在线工具，通过价值观透明度支持道德和专业决策技能的发展。本研究的目的是探讨在本科学习期间长期使用该工具对药学毕业生早期实践的感知影响。

方法

通过在调查结束时提出的问题，邀请在预注册年份或最多两年合格的校友参与，并在本科讲座期间前瞻性地邀请其他学生。在为期四年的药学硕士课程期间，所有人每年都在 Vx 上完成了三个案例。半结构化访谈被录音并逐字转录，并应用了框架分析。获得了伦理批准。

结果

2015 年 5 月至 2016 年 3 月期间，共进行了 18 次访谈（9 名药剂师和 9 名预注册学生）。 13 名参与者是女性，13 名在社区药房工作，10 名是白种人。访谈时间从 50 分钟到 2 小时不等。数据中出现了三个主题：(1) Vx 学习环境，(2) 学习和反思，以及 (3) 潜在的学习增强。参与者认为 Vx 是一种有效的教学工具，支持培养在药学实践中运用专业判断所需的技能。

结论

Vx 似乎是对支持未来药剂师在实践中处理道德和专业困境所必需的教学方法的重要补充。