Bioculturally significant plants, which have played a key role in sustaining the livelihoods of tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India, are facing threats from changing land use patterns, climatic aberrations and socioeconomic stressors. This study highlights two unique grassroots approaches to conserving these species and their associated cultural knowledge within the traditional land use systems of Arunachal Pradesh: Community Knowledge Gardens (CKGs) and Clan Reserve Forests (CRFs). Four CKGs and one CRF, transformed from existing traditional land use systems, were investigated in three socio-ecologically diverse landscapes of Nyishi, Adi and Monpa communities. Study participants, including both men and women, played an active role in devising locally compatible criteria and protocols for strengthening the conservation of key plant species within their traditional land use systems, through CKG and CRF approaches. A total of 86 plant species, conserved through the CKGs and 44 from the Adi CRF, were identified as having high food, ethnomedicinal and cultural values. The Shannon-Weaver index of richness of plant species conserved was highest in the Nyishi CKG, with a value of 38; while for Adi and Monpa it was 30 and 18, respectively. The pattern of Shannon-Weaver diversity index was in the order of 2.91, 2.64 and 2.63, respectively for the CKGs of these three communities. In comparison to individual CKGs, relatively higher species diversity (3.18) was found in the Adi CRF. Increased sharing of traditional knowledge among the community members, regular incomes and equitable sharing of the tangible and intangible benefits of using plant species were identified as important success indicators of the CKGs and CRF. In addition to providing valuable insights on biocultural knowledge and enabling the participants to strengthen their existing local land use practices for conserving valued plant biodiversity, the study outcomes have the potential to inform and strengthen the policies on environmental sustainability.

具有重要生物文化意义的植物在维持印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦部落社区的生计中发挥了关键作用，它们正面临着土地使用方式，气候畸变和社会经济压力变化带来的威胁。这项研究重点介绍了在阿鲁纳恰尔邦的传统土地利用系统中保护这些物种及其相关文化知识的两种独特的基层方法：社区知识花园（CKGs）和氏族保留森林（CRFs ）。在Nyishi，Adi和Monpa的三种不同社会生态学景观中调查了从现有的传统土地使用系统转变而来的四个CKG和一个CRF社区。研究参与者，包括男人和女人，在通过CKG和CRF方法制定本地兼容的标准和协议以加强其传统土地利用系统中的关键植物物种保护方面发挥了积极作用。通过CKG保存的总共86种植物和从Adi CRF保存的44种植物被认为具有很高的食品，人种学和文化价值。Nyishi CKG中保存的植物物种丰富度的Shannon-Weaver指数最高，值为38；最高的是Nishish CKG。而阿迪和蒙帕分别是30岁和18岁。这三个社区的CKG的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数的模式分别为2.91、2.64和2.63。与单个CKG相比，在Adi CRF中发现了相对较高的物种多样性（3.18）。社区成员之间传统知识共享的增加，正常收入以及使用植物物种的有形和无形利益的公平共享被确定为CKG和CRF的重要成功指标。除了提供有关生物文化知识的宝贵见解，并使参与者能够加强其现有的当地土地使用实践以保护珍贵的植物生物多样性外，研究结果还具有指导和加强环境可持续性政策的潜力。