Image-based 3D reconstruction or 3D photogrammetry of small-scale objects including insects and biological specimens is challenging due to the use of a high magnification lens with inherently limited depth of field, and the object’s fine structures. Therefore, the traditional 3D reconstruction techniques cannot be applied without additional image preprocessing. One such preprocessing technique is multifocus stacking/fusion that combines a set of partially focused images captured at different distances from the same viewing angle to create a single in-focus image. We found that the image formation is not properly considered by the traditional multifocus image capture and stacking techniques. The resulting in-focus images contain artifacts that violate the perspective projection. A 3D reconstruction using such images often fails to produce accurate 3D models of the captured objects. This paper shows how this problem can be solved effectively by a new multifocus multiview 3D reconstruction procedure which includes a new Fixed-Lens multifocus image capture and a calibrated image registration technique using analytic homography transformation. The experimental results using the real and synthetic images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions by showing that both the fixed-lens image capture and multifocus stacking with calibrated image alignment significantly reduce the errors in the camera poses and produce more complete 3D reconstructed models as compared with those by the conventional moving lens image capture and multifocus stacking.

由于使用了景深有限且物体的精细结构的高倍率镜头，因此对包括昆虫和生物标本在内的小规模物体进行基于图像的3D重建或3D摄影测量具有挑战性。因此，如果不进行额外的图像预处理，则无法应用传统的3D重建技术。一种这样的预处理技术是多焦点堆叠/融合，该多焦点堆叠/融合组合了从相同视角以不同距离捕获的一组部分聚焦图像，以创建单个聚焦图像。我们发现，传统的多焦点图像捕获和堆叠技术未适当考虑图像形成。生成的对焦图像包含违反透视投影的伪像。使用此类图像的3D重建通常无法生成所捕获对象的准确3D模型。本文展示了如何通过新的多焦点多视图3D重建程序有效解决此问题，该程序包括新的固定镜头多焦点图像捕获和使用解析单应变换的校准图像配准技术。使用真实图像和合成图像的实验结果通过显示固定镜头图像捕获和经过校准的图像对准的多焦点堆叠，可以显着减少相机姿势中的误差并产生更完整的3D重建模型，从而证明了所提出解决方案的有效性。与那些通过常规移动镜头进行的图像捕获和多焦点堆叠。本文展示了如何通过新的多焦点多视图3D重建程序有效解决此问题，该过程包括新的固定镜头多焦点图像捕获和使用解析单应变换的校准图像配准技术。使用真实图像和合成图像的实验结果通过显示固定镜头图像捕获和经过校准的图像对准的多焦点堆叠，可以显着减少相机姿势中的误差并产生更完整的3D重建模型，从而证明了所提出解决方案的有效性。与那些通过常规移动镜头进行的图像捕获和多焦点堆叠。本文展示了如何通过新的多焦点多视图3D重建程序有效解决此问题，该过程包括新的固定镜头多焦点图像捕获和使用解析单应变换的校准图像配准技术。使用真实图像和合成图像的实验结果通过显示固定镜头图像捕获和经过校准的图像对准的多焦点堆叠，可以显着减少相机姿势中的误差并产生更完整的3D重建模型，从而证明了所提出解决方案的有效性。与那些通过常规移动镜头进行的图像捕获和多焦点堆叠。