This article presents a 60-GHz variable gain phase shifter (VGPS) with orthogonal phase and gain control technique and linear phase control technique in 65-nm CMOS. Using the orthogonal phase and gain control technique, the proposed VGPS has the ability of gain tuning without extra variable gain block, significantly reducing the size of conventional phased arrays. The linear phase control technique is proposed to greatly improve the accuracy and robustness of phase control against temperature variation. As results, the VGPS achieves 6-bit phase resolution across −25 °C to 110 °C and continuous gain tuning range of 14.8 dB. The measured 3-dB bandwidth is 52–64 GHz. As the gain of VGPS is −22.4 to –dB, the measured root-mean-square (rms) phase errors are 1.3°–3.3°, while the measured rms gain errors are 0.2–0.5 dB in 3-dB bandwidth. Across −25 °C to 110 °C, the variations of rms phase and gain errors are below 1.2° and 0.1 dB, respectively. With supply voltage varying from 1.0 to 1.2 V, the variations of rms phase and gain errors are below 1.1° and 0.2 dB, respectively. During the measurement with different combinations of temperature and supply voltage, no gain and phase calibrations are conducted. The measured input-referred $P_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ at the maximum gain state (−7.6 dB) is about −3.8 dBm. The chip consumes 16.4 mA from a 1.1-V voltage supply and the core area of the VGPS is $720\,\,\mu \text {m} \times 560 \,\,\mu \text{m}$ .

中文翻译：

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60 GHz可变增益移相器，其增益调谐范围为14.8dB，在−25°C–110°C范围内具有6位相位分辨率

本文提出了一种在65nm CMOS中具有正交相位和增益控制技术以及线性相位控制技术的60GHz可变增益移相器（VGPS）。使用正交相位和增益控制技术，提出的VGPS无需额外的可变增益块即可进行增益调谐，从而显着减小了传统相控阵的尺寸。提出了线性相位控制技术，以大大提高针对温度变化的相位控制的准确性和鲁棒性。结果，VGPS在-25°C至110°C的范围内实现了6位相位分辨率，并具有14.8 dB的连续增益调谐范围。测得的3 dB带宽为52–64 GHz。当VGPS的增益为−22.4至–dB时，在3-dB带宽内测得的均方根（rms）相位误差为1.3°–3.3°，而测得的rms增益误差为0.2–0.5 dB。在-25°C至110°C范围内，均方根相位和增益误差的变化分别低于1.2°和0.1 dB。当电源电压在1.0至1.2 V之间变化时，均方根相位和增益误差的变化分别低于1.1°和0.2 dB。在使用温度和电源电压的不同组合进行测量的过程中，不会进行增益和相位校准。实测输入参考 $ P _ {\ mathrm {1 \，dB}} $ 在最大增益状态（-7.6 dB）时约为-3.8 dBm。该芯片从1.1V电压电源消耗的电流为16.4 mA，VGPS的核心区域为 $ 720 \，\，\ mu \ text {m} \ times 560 \，\，\ mu \ text {m} $ 。