Modern phased arrays require large instantaneous bandwidths, wide fields of view, and low profiles to conduct multiple functions. Many of these phased arrays rely on emerging high speed ADCs and advanced balanced transceivers. The benefits of balanced front-ends include improved linearity, dynamic range, isolation, and noise resilience. The application of a differential phased array in such a system removes extraneous losses caused by baluns, though the issue of feed-borne E-plane scan resonances must be considered. We address the E-plane scan resonance issue through an improved Balanced Wideband Impedance Transformer (BWIT) feed for the ultra-wideband (UWB) Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA). This BWIT feed has already demonstrated mitigated common-modes over a 3:1 bandwidth ratio while scanning to low angles. Here, our differential TCDA (D-TCDA) is developed for the L-C band ( viz. 1.0 GHz to 6.1 GHz) with emphasis on resonance-free wide-angle scanning. Rigorous EM model and circuit analysis is included to verify the BWIT performance. Under a VSWR < 3 definition, the improved array achieves a 6:1 impedance bandwidth ratio (BWR) with resonance-free scanning in all planes. An exception is the H-plane scanning at 60° where the VSWR < 4. Array simulations are verified with measurements for an $8\times 8$ single-polarized prototype.

中文翻译：

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具有新型差分进纸结构的优化差分TCDA（D-TCDA）

现代相控阵列需要较大的瞬时带宽，宽阔的视野和矮小的外形才能执行多种功能。这些相控阵列中的许多阵列都依赖于新兴的高速ADC和先进的平衡收发器。平衡的前端的好处包括改善的线性度，动态范围，隔离度和抗噪声能力。在这种系统中，差分相控阵的应用消除了由不平衡变压器引起的额外损耗，尽管必须考虑馈电E平面扫描共振的问题。我们通过针对超宽带（UWB）紧密耦合偶极子阵列（TCDA）的改进的平衡宽带阻抗变压器（BWIT）馈源，解决了电子平面扫描共振问题。该BWIT提要已经展示了在以3：1的带宽比率扫描到低角度时可以缓解共模。这里， 即1.0 GHz至6.1 GHz），重点是无共振的广角扫描。包括严格的EM模型和电路分析，以验证BWIT性能。在VSWR <3的定义下，改进的阵列在所有平面中均实现了无共振扫描，从而实现了6：1的阻抗带宽比（BWR）。例外是在VSWR <4的60°H平面扫描。 $ 8 /次8 $ 单极化原型。