Although rumination is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the processes that influence the association between rumination and PTSD symptoms are unclear. Processes that facilitate reorienting or redirecting attention may play an important role in the relationship between rumination and PTSD. While attentional control is one such cognitive process, it consists of both shifting and focusing components, and it remains unclear which component most strongly influences the association between rumination and PTSD. This study examined attentional control as a moderator of the relationship between rumination and PTSD symptoms and cognitions among combat-exposed veterans (N = 114). Results revealed that attentional shifting but not focusing moderated the effect of rumination on PTSD symptoms, such that those high in rumination and low in attentional shifting reported increased avoidance and posttraumatic cognitions. Etiological and clinical implications are discussed.

尽管反刍是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的危险因素，但影响反刍与PTSD症状之间关联的过程尚不清楚。有助于重新定向或重新定向注意力的过程可能在反刍与PTSD之间的关系中起重要作用。尽管注意力控制是一种这样的认知过程，但它既包含转移成分，又包含集中成分，并且尚不清楚哪个成分对反刍与PTSD之间的关联影响最大。这项研究将注意力控制作为反刍和PTSD症状与战斗暴露的退伍军人之间的认知之间的关系的调节者（N = 114）。结果表明，注意力转移但不集中注意力可以降低反刍对PTSD症状的影响，因此反刍力高而注意力转移低的人报告了回避和创伤后认知的增加。病因和临床意义进行了讨论。