Astronauts experience postflight disturbances in postural and locomotor control due to sensorimotor adaptations during spaceflight. These alterations may have adverse consequences if a rapid egress is required after landing. Although current exercise protocols can effectively mitigate cardiovascular and muscular deconditioning, the benefits to postflight sensorimotor dysfunction are limited. Furthermore, some exercise capabilities like treadmill running are currently not feasible on exploration spaceflight vehicles. Thus, new in-flight operational countermeasures are needed to mitigate postural and locomotor control deficits after exploration missions. Data from spaceflight and from analog studies collectively suggest that body unloading decreases the utilization of proprioceptive input, and this adaptation strongly contributes to balance dysfunction after spaceflight. For example, on return to Earth, an astronaut’s vestibular input may be compromised by adaptation to microgravity, but their proprioceptive input is compromised by body unloading. Since proprioceptive and tactile input are important for maintaining postural control, keeping these systems tuned to respond to upright balance challenges during flight may improve functional task performance after flight through dynamic reweighting of sensory input. Novel approaches are needed to compensate for the challenges of balance training in microgravity and must be tested in a body unloading environment such as head down bed rest. Here, we review insights from the literature and provide observations from our laboratory that could inform the development of an in-flight proprioceptive countermeasure.

中文翻译：

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制定本体感受对策以缓解长期太空飞行后的姿势和运动控制缺陷

由于太空飞行期间感觉运动的适应，宇航员在飞行后会经历姿势和运动控制方面的障碍。如果着陆后需要快速出口，这些改变可能会产生不利后果。尽管目前的锻炼方案可以有效缓解心血管和肌肉失调，但对飞行后感觉运动功能障碍的益处有限。此外，诸如跑步机跑步之类的一些锻炼功能目前在探索航天飞行器上还不可行。因此，需要新的飞行中操作对策来减轻探索任务后的姿势和运动控制缺陷。来自太空飞行和模拟研究的数据共同表明，身体卸载会降低本体感觉输入的利用率，而这种适应会极大地导致太空飞行后的平衡功能障碍。例如，返回地球后，宇航员的前庭输入可能会因适应微重力而受到影响，但他们的本体感觉输入会因身体卸载而受到影响。由于本体感觉和触觉输入对于维持姿势控制很重要，因此在飞行过程中保持这些系统能够响应直立平衡挑战可以通过动态重新调整感觉输入的权重来提高飞行后的功能性任务表现。需要新的方法来弥补微重力下平衡训练的挑战，并且必须在身体卸载环境（例如头朝下卧床休息）中进行测试。在这里，我们回顾了文献中的见解，并提供了我们实验室的观察结果，这些观察结果可以为飞行中本体感受对策的开发提供信息。