ABSTRACT

Early security plays a major role in inaugurating the child’s receptive, positive orientation – a foundation for cooperative parent-child relationships and successful socialization. However, few studies have considered the association between children’s attachments with both mothers and fathers and multiple aspects of children’s receptive, positive orientation, or compared all four attachment groups (secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganized). In 192 mother-child and 186 father-child dyads from community families, children’s attachment was assessed at 15-17 months in Strange Situation Paradigm. Aspects of receptive, positive orientation toward each parent – positive affect, committed compliance, empathic concern, and restraint in response to parental prohibition – were observed in naturalistic laboratory contexts. Generally, securely attached children were more receptive and positive than insecure, although specific effects depended on the measure, comparison group (avoidant, resistant, disorganized), and the relationship (mother- or father-child). For positive orientation in the father-child dyads, being secure with both parents conferred a modest additional benefit.

摘要

早期的安全感在培养孩子的接受性、积极的取向方面发挥着重要作用，这是亲子合作关系和成功社交的基础。然而，很少有研究考虑儿童对母亲和父亲的依恋与儿童的接受性、积极取向的多个方面之间的关联，或比较所有四种依恋类型（安全型、回避型、抵抗型和无组织型）。在来自社区家庭的 192 名母子和 186 名父子二人组中，儿童的依恋在 15-17 个月时采用陌生情境范式进行了评估。在自然主义实验室环境中观察到对每个父母的接受性、积极取向的各个方面——积极的情感、坚定的顺从、同理心的关注以及对父母禁令的克制。一般来说，安全型依恋的孩子比不安全型依恋的孩子更容易接受和积极，尽管具体效果取决于测量方法、对照组（回避型、抵抗型、混乱型）和关系（母子或父子）。对于父子二人组的积极取向来说，与父母双方保持安全感会带来一定的额外好处。