Despite representing one of the largest cratons on Earth, the early geological evolution of the Amazonia Craton remains poorly known due to relatively poor exposure and because younger metamorphic and tectonic events have obscured initial information. In this study, we investigated the sedimentary archives of the Carajás Basin to unravel the early geological evolution of the southeastern Amazonia Craton. The Carajás Basin contains sedimentary rocks that were deposited throughout a long period spanning more than one billion years from the Mesoarchean to the Paleoproterozoic. The oldest archives preserved in this basin consist of a few ca. 3.6 Ga detrital zircon grains showing that the geological roots of the Amazonia Craton were already formed by the Eoarchean. During the Paleoarchean or the early Mesoarchean (<3.1 Ga), the Carajás Basin was large and rigid enough to sustain the formation and preservation of the Rio Novo Group greenstone belt. Later, during the Neoarchean, at ca. 2.7 Ga, the southeastern Amazonia Craton witnessed the emplacement of the Parauapebas Large Igneous Province (LIP) that probably covered a large part of the craton and was associated with the deposition of some of the world largest iron formations. The emplacement of this LIP immediately preceded a period of continental extension that formed a rift infilled first by iron formations followed by terrigenous sediments. This major change of sedimentary regime might have been controlled by the regional tectonic evolution of the Amazonia Craton and its emergence above sea-level. During the Paleoproterozoic, at ca. 2.1 Ga, the Rio Fresco Group, consisting of terrigenous sediments from the interior of the Amazonia Craton, was deposited in the Carajás Basin. At that time, the Amazonian lithosphere could have either underwent thermal subsidence forming a large intracratonic basin or could have been deformed by long wavelength flexures that induced the formation of basins and swells throughout the craton under the influence of the growing Transamazonian mountain belt.

尽管代表着地球上最大的克拉通之一，但由于相对较低的暴露度以及较年轻的变质和构造事件使初始信息模糊不清，因此Amazonia Craton的早期地质演化仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们调查了Carajás盆地的沉积档案，以揭示东南部Amazonia Craton的早期地质演化。Carajás盆地包含沉积岩，这些沉积岩在从中古构造到古元古代的长达十亿多年的漫长时期内沉积。这个盆地中保存的最古老的档案包括大约几个。3.6 Ga碎屑锆石晶粒表明亚马逊河克拉通的地质根源已经由欧陶纪人形成。在古旧时代或早期的中古时代（<3.1 Ga），Carajás盆地大而坚硬，足以支撑Rio Novo Group绿岩带的形成和保存。后来，在新古典主义时期，大约在 2.7 Ga，亚马逊河东南部的Craton见证了Parauapebas大火成岩省（LIP）的入侵，该省可能覆盖了克拉通的大部分地区，并且与一些世界上最大的铁层的沉积有关。该LIP的侵袭是在大陆扩张时期之前形成的，该扩张期形成了一个裂谷，首先被铁质填充，然后是陆源沉积物。沉积制度的这一重大变化可能已被亚马逊克拉通的区域构造演化及其在海平面以上的出现所控制。在古元古代，大约在。2.1 Ga，Rio Fresco集团，由亚马孙克拉通内部的陆源沉积物组成的沉积物被沉积在卡拉加斯盆地。那时，亚马孙岩石圈可能经历了热沉降，形成了一个大型克拉通盆地，或者可能由于长波长弯曲变形而变形，该弯曲在整个横穿山带的影响下导致了整个克拉通盆地和隆起的形成。