The varved sediments of Lake Montcortès (central pre-Pyrenees) have provided a continuous high-resolution record of the last ca. 3000 years. Previous chronological and sedimentological studies of this record have furnished detailed paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, palynological studies are only available for the last millennium, when the landscape around the lake had already been transformed by humans. Therefore, the earlier vegetation of Montcortès and the history of its anthropogenic transformations remain unknown. This paper presents a palynological analysis of the interval between the Late Bronze Age and the Early Medieval period, aimed at recording preanthropic conditions, anthropization onset and the further landscape transformations. During the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1100 BCE to 770 BCE), the vegetation did not show any evidence of human impact. The decisive anthropogenic transformation of the Montcortès catchment vegetation and landscape started at the beginning of the Iron Age (770 BCE) and continued during Roman and Medieval times in the form of recurrent burning, grazing, cultivation, silviculture and hemp retting. Some intervals of lower human pressure were recorded, but the original vegetation never returned. The anthropization that took place during the Iron Age did not cause notable changes in the sediment yield to the lake, but a significant limnological shift occurred, as manifested in the initiation of varve formation, a process that has been continuous until today. Climatic shifts seem to have played a secondary role in influencing vegetation and landscape changes. These results contrast with previous inferences of low anthropogenic impact until the Medieval Period, at a regional level. Similar studies may be developed on other mountain ranges to verify whether landscape anthropization occurred earlier than previously thought, and to verify the potential occurrence of elevational gradients in the anthropization of mountain landscapes.

蒙科特斯湖（比利牛斯山中部之前）的脉状沉积物提供了最后一个ca的连续高分辨率记录。3000年 对该记录的以前的年代学和沉积学研究已经提供了详细的古环境重建。但是，只有在最近的千年中，人类周围的湖水景观才发生了古生物学研究。因此，Montcortès的早期植被及其人为转变的历史仍然未知。本文对青铜时代晚期和中世纪早期之间的间隔进行了孢粉学分析，旨在记录人类前的状况，人类的发作和进一步的景观转变。在青铜时代晚期（约公元前1100年至公元前770年），植被没有显示任何人类影响的证据。Montcortès流域植被和景观的决定性人为转变始于铁器时代（公元前770年）初期，并在罗马和中世纪时期以反复燃烧，放牧，耕种，造林和大麻种植的形式持续进行。记录了一些较低的人类压力间隔，但原始植被从未归还。在铁器时代发生的人类化活动并未引起湖泊沉积物产量的显着变化，但是发生了明显的岩性变化，这一趋势一直持续到今天。气候变化似乎在影响植被和景观变化中起了辅助作用。这些结果与以前直到区域中世纪时期的低人类活动影响的推论相反。可以在其他山脉上进行类似的研究，以验证景观人类化是否比先前认为的要早，并验证山坡人类化中海拔梯度的潜在发生。