The paper begins with a survey of advances in state-of-the-art minimum-time simulation for road vehicles. The techniques covered include both quasi-steady-state and transient vehicle models, which are combined with trajectories that are either pre-assigned or free to be optimised. The fundamentals of nonlinear optimal control are summarised. These fundamentals are the basis of most of the vehicular optimal control methodologies and solution procedures reported in the literature. The key features of three-dimensional road modelling, vehicle positioning and vehicle modelling are also summarised with a focus on recent developments. Both cars and motorcycles are considered.

中文翻译：

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最短圈速优化和模拟

本文首先调查了道路车辆最先进的最短时间模拟的进展。涵盖的技术包括准稳态和瞬态车辆模型，它们与预先分配或自由优化的轨迹相结合。总结了非线性最优控制的基本原理。这些基本原理是文献中报道的大多数车辆优化控制方法和求解程序的基础。还总结了三维道路建模、车辆定位和车辆建模的主要特征，并重点介绍了最近的发展。汽车和摩托车都被考虑在内。