Polymetallic veins (Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au) at the world-class Bingham Canyon, Utah, porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit have long been recognized, but poorly understood. They are laterally zoned outward from the center of the porphyry deposit transitioning from Fe-Cu to Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au mineralization. Physical and chemical characterization of these polymetallic veins provide insight into the origin, timing, and controls of ore deposition. These sheared, sulfide-rich, NE/SW- trending veins are dominated by pyrite and multiple generations of quartz, with lesser amounts of other sulfide and gangue minerals. Gold (0.27–4.61 ppm) provides the most value to the ore, though the veins contain substantial Cu and Ag as well.Host rocks include Eocene monzonite and Paleozoic limestone and quartzite—all of which can contain economic ore lodes. Associated alteration is predominantly sericitic and argillic, with mineralization in wall rocks restricted to 1.5 m from the vein margins. Mineral assemblages vary with distance from the center of the main porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit and the modal abundances are dependent on the host rock. The appearance of both galena and sphalerite (and tennantite to an extent) occur along a boundary that creates a halo around the center of the associated porphyry deposit. This is accompanied by a shift in metal ratios and an increased concentration of chalcophile trace elements in sulfides from the polymetallic veins as determined by electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Significant hosts of Ag include galena and tennantite, and Cu is hosted primarily in chalcopyrite, tennantite, and sphalerite. The main host of Au could not be determined, but Au could be focused along fractures or hosted in inclusions found in pyrite.The δ³⁴S values of vein pyrite have a narrow range (2.3–3.4‰) suggestive of a magmatic source, whereas δ¹⁸O of quartz is more variable (11.5–14.0‰). These values are similar to several other polymetallic vein deposits associated with porphyry Cu deposits. This can be explained by fractionation of magmatic fluids at lower temperatures (350°–250°C) and/or mixing with exchanged ¹⁸O-rich meteoric water. Ore grades (Cu, Ag, Au) improve with distance from the center of the porphyry deposit; however, this is accompanied by higher concentrations of deleterious elements (e.g., Pb, As, Bi) for downstream processing.These polymetallic veins were created sequentially throughout the formation of the deposit. Initial joints in the sedimentary rocks probably formed as a result of emplacement of a barren equigranular monzonite intrusion, with continued dilation and propagation in all host rocks with each subsequent intrusion. The northeast orientation of the joints was controlled by the regional stress field, which is more apparent distal to the center of the Bingham deposit. Vein mineralization appears to postdate all intrusions and the porphyry Cu-Au mineralization; however, it may be related to the late fluids responsible for Mo mineralization in the main porphyry orebody that followed intrusion of the quartz latite porphyry. Quartz-sericite-pyrite mineralization associated with the veins precedes galena-sphalerite-pyrite mineralization. This was followed by late precipitation of chalcopyrite and tennantite and late normal faulting.

中文翻译：

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来自犹他州宾厄姆峡谷斑岩型铜金钼矿床的带状多金属（Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au）静脉的性质和起源

世界一流的犹他州宾厄姆峡谷斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿床的多金属矿脉（Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-Au）早已被人们认识，但人们对其了解甚少。它们从斑岩矿床的中心向外横向地带，从铁铜过渡到铅锌锌铜银金矿化。这些多金属脉的物理和化学特征提供了对矿石沉积的起源，时间和控制的洞察力。这些剪切，富含硫化物，NE / SW趋势的脉脉以黄铁矿和多代石英为主导，而较少的其他硫化物和脉石矿物。金（0.27–4.61 ppm）为矿石提供了最大价值，尽管矿脉中也含有大量的铜和银。主岩包括始新世的蒙脱石，古生的石灰石和石英岩，所有这些都可以包含经济矿石。相关的蚀变主要为浆液性和泥质化，围岩中的矿化距离距矿脉边缘1.5 m。矿物组合随距斑岩型铜-金-钼矿床中心的距离而变化，并且模态丰度取决于基质岩。方铅矿和闪锌矿（一定程度上为钙钛矿）的出现均沿边界形成，该边界在相关斑岩矿床的中心周围形成光晕。通过电子微探针分析（EMPA）和激光烧蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（LA-ICP-MS）确定，这伴随着金属比的变化和多金属硫化物中硫化物中微量元素的增加。Ag的重要寄主包括方铅矿和Tennantite，而Cu主要寄居于黄铜矿，Tennantite，和闪锌矿。不能确定Au的主要主体，但Au可能沿裂缝集中或存在于黄铁矿中的夹杂物中。^34个的静脉黄铁矿的价值观具有窄的范围（2.3〜3.4‰）岩浆源的暗示，而δ ¹⁸石英的O为多个可变（11.5-14.0‰）。这些值类似于与斑岩铜矿床有关的其他几种多金属脉矿床。这可以通过在较低温度（350°–250°C）下对岩浆流体进行分馏和/或与已交换的¹⁸混合来解释。富含O的流星水。矿石品位（铜，银，金）随着距斑岩矿床中心的距离的增加而提高；然而，这伴随着较高浓度的有害元素（例如，Pb，As，Bi）用于下游加工。这些多金属矿脉是在整个矿床形成过程中依次形成的。沉积岩中的初始节理可能是由于贫瘠的等粒蒙脱石侵入体的形成而形成的，随后所有侵入体在所有宿主岩体中持续扩张和传播。关节的东北方向受区域应力场控制，该区域在Bingham矿床的中心更明显。静脉矿化似乎晚于所有侵入岩和斑岩型铜金矿化。然而，可能与石英斑岩斑岩侵入后晚期斑岩矿体中钼成矿的后期流体有关。与脉相关的石英绢云母-黄铁矿矿化先于方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铁矿矿化。其次是晚黄铜矿和钙钛矿的沉淀以及晚正断层。