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Sodium addition increases leaf herbivory and fungal damage across four grasslands
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-04 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13796 Ellen A.R. Welti 1, 2 , Michael Kaspari 1
中文翻译：
添加钠会增加四个草原的叶食草和真菌损害
更新日期：2021-06-08
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-04 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13796 Ellen A.R. Welti 1, 2 , Michael Kaspari 1
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- Sodium (Na) is an essential element for all animals, but not for plants. Soil Na supplies vary geographically. Animals that primarily consume plants thus have the potential to be Na limited and plants that uptake Na may be subject to higher rates of herbivory, but their high Na content also may attract beneficial partners such as pollinators and seed dispersers.
- To test for the effects of Na biogeochemistry on herbivory, we conducted distributed Na press experiments (monthly Na application across the growing season) in four North American grasslands.
- Na addition increased soil and plant Na concentrations at all sites. Grasses in Na addition plots had significantly higher herbivore damage by leaf miners and fungal pathogens than those in control plots. Forbs with higher foliar Na concentrations had significantly more chewing insect herbivore and fungal damage.
- While no pattern was evident across all species, several forb species had higher Na concentrations in inflorescences compared to leaves, suggesting they may allocate Na to attract beneficial partners.
- The uptake of Na by plants, and animal responses, has implications for the salinification in the Anthropocene. Increased use of road salt, irrigation with saline groundwater, rising sea levels and increasing temperatures and evapotranspiration rates with climate change can all increase inputs of Na into terrestrial ecosystems.
- Our results suggest increasing terrestrial Na availability will benefit insect herbivores and plant fungal pathogens.
中文翻译：
添加钠会增加四个草原的叶食草和真菌损害
- 钠 (Na) 是所有动物的必需元素，但不是植物的必需元素。土壤 Na 供应因地域而异。因此，主要消耗植物的动物可能会受到钠限制，而吸收钠的植物可能会受到较高的食草率影响，但它们的高钠含量也可能吸引传粉者和种子传播者等有益伙伴。
- 为了测试 Na 生物地球化学对食草动物的影响，我们在四个北美草原进行了分布式 Na 压榨实验（整个生长季节每月应用 Na）。
- Na 添加增加了所有地点的土壤和植物 Na 浓度。与对照地块相比，Na 添加地块中的草受到潜叶虫和真菌病原体的损害显着更高。具有较高叶面 Na 浓度的 Forbs 对咀嚼昆虫食草动物和真菌的损害明显更多。
- 虽然在所有物种中都没有明显的模式，但与叶子相比，一些杂种在花序中的 Na 浓度更高，这表明它们可能会分配 Na 来吸引有益的伙伴。
- 植物对钠的吸收和动物的反应，对人类世的盐化有影响。道路盐的使用增加、用含盐地下水灌溉、海平面上升以及气候变化导致的温度和蒸散率增加都会增加 Na 对陆地生态系统的输入。
- 我们的结果表明，增加陆地 Na 的可用性将有益于昆虫食草动物和植物真菌病原体。
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