Species loss has attracted much attention among scientists for more than half a century. However, we have little information on the trends in phylogenetic and functional changes behind the species loss although this information is always asynchronous and important for conservation and management. We measured community trends in Anatidae (ducks and geese) for the last 50 yr to quantify trends in phylogenetic and functional diversity patterns coinciding with taxonomic historical dynamics. We used one-way ANOVAs to test if there was a significant historical trend in communities of Anatidae. We characterized taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of communities. For taxonomic diversity, we used species richness (SR). For phylogenetic diversity, we calculated the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances (ses.MPD) and the standard effect size of mean nearest taxon distances (ses.MNTD) in communities. For functional diversity, we calculated functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), and the community-level weighted means (CWM) of trait values for diet, foraging stratum, and body mass, separately. From the 1950s to 2010s, species richness declined without significant trends. The ses.MNTD of Anatidae communities showed no clear trends. However, ses.MPD of Anatidae communities declined dramatically during this period. For functional diversity, functional evenness of diet, foraging stratum, body mass, and functional dispersion of diet, foraging stratum did not increase or decline significantly. However, functional evenness of all traits, functional richness, and functional dispersion of body mass showed declined trends. The basic phylogenetic diversity and species body mass of Anatidae communities declined significantly because of a declining trend in the relative independent branch of geese. This makes it more challenging for implement community recovery in the future. More attention in conservation biology should consider taxonomic diversity and asynchrony in phylogenetic and functional diversity.

中文翻译：

---

华南滨海湿地鸭科系统发育和功能多样性的长期趋势

半个多世纪以来，物种丧失一直备受科学家们的关注。然而，我们几乎没有关于物种丧失背后的系统发育和功能变化趋势的信息，尽管这些信息总是不同步的并且对保护和管理很重要。我们测量了过去 50 年来鸭科（鸭和鹅）的群落趋势，以量化与分类学历史动态一致的系统发育和功能多样性模式的趋势。我们使用单向方差分析来测试鸭科群落中是否存在显着的历史趋势。我们描述了群落的分类、系统发育和功能多样性。对于分类多样性，我们使用了物种丰富度 (SR)。对于系统发育多样性，我们计算了平均成对距离 (ses. MPD) 和社区中平均最近分类群距离 (ses.MNTD) 的标准效应大小。对于功能多样性，我们分别计算了饮食、觅食层和体重的功能丰富度 (FRic)、功能均匀度 (FEve)、功能差异 (FDiv) 和群落级加权平均值 (CWM)。从 1950 年代到 2010 年代，物种丰富度没有显着下降趋势。鸭科群落的 ses.MNTD 无明显趋势。然而，在此期间，鸭科社区的 ses.MPD 急剧下降。在功能多样性、日粮功能均匀度、觅食层、体质量、功能分散度等方面，觅食层没有明显增加或下降。然而，所有性状的功能均匀性、功能丰富性、体质量的功能分散呈下降趋势。由于鹅的相对独立分支呈下降趋势，鸭科群落的基本系统发育多样性和物种体质量显着下降。这使得未来实施社区恢复更具挑战性。保护生物学的更多关注应该考虑分类多样性以及系统发育和功能多样性的异步性。