Reeves’ muntjac, either deliberately released or escaped from collections, was present in a few areas of southern England in low numbers by the 1960s and was generally regarded as a benign introduction. As their numbers and distribution increased their impact on amenity woodland, forest plantations, ground flora and their potential competition with native herbivores became apparent. Their reproductive capabilities and ability to thrive in various habitats enabled them to become extremely successful invasive aliens, now established throughout much of England (887 10 km squares, almost all contiguous, in 2016), and a few locations in Wales and Northern Ireland. The species is included within the E.U. list of Invasive Aliens of Union Concern stemming from Regulation (EU) 1143/2014. The UK has the longest experience with free-living muntjac, so it is useful to examine in detail the history of introduction, subsequent spread and aspects of its ecology. This offers a useful case-history and exemplar for possible future range expansion in other European countries where the species is now becoming better-established.

里夫斯的肖像被故意释放或从藏品中逃脱，到1960年代在英格兰南部的一些地区数量很少，通常被认为是良性引进。随着数量和分布的增加，它们对便利性林地，森林种植园，地面植物区系的影响及其与本地食草动物的潜在竞争变得显而易见。他们的生殖能力和在各种栖息地中壮成长的能力使他们成为了非常成功的入侵外星人，现已在英格兰大部分地区建立（887个10 km的正方形，2016年几乎是连续的），并在威尔士和北爱尔兰的几个地方。该物种被列入欧盟（EU）1143/2014法规引起的联盟关注的外来入侵物种目录中。英国在自由生活的蒙塔克（Muntjac）方面拥有最长的经验，因此，有必要详细研究引进的历史，随后的传播及其生态学方面。这提供了有用的病史和范例，可为其他欧洲国家（目前该物种已变得更加完善）中可能的未来范围扩展提供帮助。