Exploiting microservices to architect enterprise applications is becoming commonplace. This makes it crucial to provide some support for designing and analyzing microservice-based applications, for example, for understanding whether a microservice-based application adheres to the main design principles of microservices and for choosing how to refactor it when this is not the case. To provide such support, in this article we present the TOSCA toolchain. More precisely, we first introduce the TOSCA model to represent the architecture of microservice-based applications with the OASIS standard TOSCA. We then describe a technique to automatically mine the architecture of a microservice-based application and represent it with TOSCA, given the Kubernetes deployment of the application. We also present a methodology to analyze the TOSCA representation of a microservice-based architecture to systematically identify the architectural smells potentially affecting the corresponding application and to resolve them. Finally, we present two prototype tools, Miner and Freshener, implementing our mining solution and the support for identifying and resolving architectural smells in microservice-based applications, respectively. We then assess —by discussing some case studies— how effectively Miner, Freshener, and the TOSCA toolchain can support researchers and practitioners working with microservices.

中文翻译：

---

μTOSCA 工具链：挖掘、分析和重构基于微服务的架构

利用微服务来构建企业应用程序正变得司空见惯。这使得为​​设计和分析基于微服务的应用程序提供一些支持变得至关重要，例如，了解基于微服务的应用程序是否遵循微服务的主要设计原则，以及在不符合的情况下选择如何重构它。为了提供这样的支持，我们在本文中介绍了TOSCA 工具链。更准确地说，我们首先引入TOSCA 模型，以使用 OASIS 标准 TOSCA 来表示基于微服务的应用程序的架构。然后我们描述了一种自动挖掘基于微服务的应用程序架构的技术，并用TOSCA，给定应用程序的 Kubernetes 部署。我们还提出了一种方法来分析基于微服务的架构的TOSCA 表示，以系统地识别可能影响相应应用程序的架构气味并解决它们。最后，我们展示了两个原型工具Miner和Freshener，它们分别实现了我们的挖掘解决方案以及对识别和解决基于微服务的应用程序中的架构异味的支持。然后，我们通过讨论一些案例研究来评估Miner、Freshener和TOSCA 工具链如何有效地支持研究人员和从业人员使用微服务。