Small-scale fisheries in developing regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change, but the assessment of climate-induced changes and impacts are often hampered by the data poor-situation of these social-ecological systems. Based on 40 years of scientific and local ecological knowledge, we provide a coherent narrative about the effects of a marine hotspot of climate change on a small-scale fishery across different geographical and temporal scales. We applied a mixed-methods approach to assess biophysical changes, social-ecological impacts, and the incremental spectrum of actions implemented at multiple levels to increase the adaptive capacity of a small-scale clam fishery. The warming hotspot here analyzed was the fastest-warming region in the South Atlantic Ocean. Long-term changes in wind intensity and direction were also noticeable at a regional scale. Both sea surface temperature and winds showed a clear shifting pattern in the late 1990 s. These climate-related stressors determined ecosystem and targeted population changes (e.g. clam mass mortalities, slow stock recovery rates after ecological shocks, habitat narrowing), and favored harmful algal bloom-forming organisms. Climate-induced drivers also affected the human component of the social-ecological system, preventing fishers from securing a fulltime livelihood and limiting the fishery economic potential. Adaptive responses at multiple levels provided some capacity to address climate change effects, and transformative pathways are being taken to adapt to climate-induced changes over the long-term. Transformative changes were fostered by the local perception of environmental change, shared narratives, sustained scientific monitoring programs, and the interaction between knowledge systems, facilitated by a bridging organization within a broader process of governance transformation. The combination of autonomous adaptations (based on linking social capital and fishery leaders agency) and government-led adaptations were essential to face the challenges imposed by climate change. Our results serve as a learning platform to anticipate threats and envision solutions to a wide range of small-scale fisheries in fast-warming regions worldwide.

发展中地区的小型渔业特别容易受到气候变化的影响，但是由于这些社会生态系统的数据条件不佳，对气候引起的变化和影响的评估常常受到阻碍。基于40年的科学和当地生态知识，我们提供了有关气候变化的海洋热点对不同地理和时间尺度上的小型渔业的影响的连贯叙述。我们采用了一种混合方法来评估生物物理变化，社会生态影响以及在多个级别上实施的行动增量范围，以提高小规模蛤类渔业的适应能力。这里分析的变暖热点​​是南大西洋最快的变暖地区。在区域范围内，风强度和风向的长期变化也很明显。在1990年代末期，海表温度和风向均显示出明显的变化模式。这些与气候有关的压力源决定了生态系统和目标种群的变化（例如，蛤类死亡率，生态冲击后种群恢复速度缓慢，生境缩小），并有利于形成有害藻华的生物。由气候引起的驱动因素还影响了社会生态系统的人为因素，使渔民无法确保全职生计，并限制了渔业的经济潜力。多个层面的适应性响应为应对气候变化的影响提供了一定的能力，长期以来，人们正在采取变革性途径来适应气候变化。地方组织对环境变化的认知，共享的叙述，持续的科学监测计划以及知识体系之间的互动，都由一个桥接组织在更广泛的治理转型过程中促进，从而促进了变革性变革。自主适应（基于社会资本和渔业领导机构的联系）与政府主导的适应相结合对于应对气候变化带来的挑战至关重要。我们的结果将成为一个学习平台，以预测威胁并为全球快速变暖地区的各种小型渔业设想解决方案。在更广泛的治理转型过程中，由桥接组织提供的便利。自主适应（基于社会资本和渔业领导机构的联系）与政府主导的适应相结合对于应对气候变化带来的挑战至关重要。我们的结果将成为一个学习平台，以预测威胁并为全球快速变暖地区的各种小型渔业设想解决方案。在更广泛的治理转型过程中，由桥接组织提供的便利。自主适应（基于社会资本和渔业领导机构的联系）与政府主导的适应相结合对于应对气候变化带来的挑战至关重要。我们的结果将成为一个学习平台，以预测威胁并为全球快速变暖地区的各种小型渔业设想解决方案。