Abstract

The Mekong, the largest river in Southeast Asia, is of fundamental cultural, ecological, and economic importance to the entire Mekong region. It supports the highest fish diversity after the Amazon and the largest inland fishery in the world and is at serious threats of intensifying environmental disaster and human activities. Mismatched the high attention worldwide, few related studies were concerning fishes in the whole basin. In this paper, 899 freshwater fish species were recorded, which could be grouped into 9 biogeographical regions based on their distribution information; each region owed its unique fauna with different dominance/or endemism at the genus level. The species richness was positively related to temperature, precipitation, and longitude, but negatively to latitude and slope. Seven migratory systems were deduced from spatial distribution information of 321 migratory species, and these systems were separate but not independent. Mekong fisheries were highly diversified with an estimation of a maximum worth of around $17 billion. Fisheries played an irreplaceable role in Cambodia, and aquaculture was of growing importance in the Delta and the Upper Mekong. Cascade dams, as well as climate change, overfishing, aquaculture, and pollution, posed threats to fish diversity and resources by habitat homogenization, migratory channel blockage, parents population decline, and diseases. Integrated management, a combination of capture and aquaculture fisheries, and collaboration among scientists, fishermen, and the public were advocated to address the issues facing Mekong fishes.

摘要

湄公河是东南亚最大的河流，对整个湄公河地区具有重要的文化、生态和经济意义。它支持着仅次于亚马逊河的最高鱼类多样性和世界上最大的内陆渔业，并面临着加剧环境灾难和人类活动的严重威胁。与世界范围内的高度关注不匹配，很少有相关研究涉及整个流域的鱼类。本文共记录了899种淡水鱼类，根据其分布信息可分为9个生物地理区域；每个地区都有其独特的动物群，在属水平上具有不同的优势/或特有性。物种丰富度与气温、降水量和经度呈正相关，与纬度和坡度呈负相关。从321个迁徙物种的空间分布信息推导出7个迁徙系统，这些系统是独立的但不是独立的。湄公河渔业高度多样化，估计最高价值约为 170 亿美元。渔业在柬埔寨发挥着不可替代的作用，水产养殖在三角洲和湄公河上游的重要性日益增加。梯级水坝以及气候变化、过度捕捞、水产养殖和污染，通过栖息地同质化、洄游通道阻塞、亲鱼种群减少和疾病对鱼类多样性和资源构成威胁。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。这些系统是分开的，但不是独立的。湄公河渔业高度多样化，估计最高价值约为 170 亿美元。渔业在柬埔寨发挥着不可替代的作用，水产养殖在三角洲和湄公河上游的重要性日益增加。梯级水坝以及气候变化、过度捕捞、水产养殖和污染，通过栖息地同质化、洄游通道阻塞、亲鱼种群减少和疾病对鱼类多样性和资源构成威胁。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。这些系统是分开的，但不是独立的。湄公河渔业高度多样化，估计最高价值约为 170 亿美元。渔业在柬埔寨发挥着不可替代的作用，水产养殖在三角洲和湄公河上游的重要性日益增加。梯级水坝以及气候变化、过度捕捞、水产养殖和污染，通过栖息地同质化、洄游通道阻塞、亲鱼种群减少和疾病对鱼类多样性和资源构成威胁。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。渔业在柬埔寨发挥着不可替代的作用，水产养殖在三角洲和湄公河上游的重要性日益增加。梯级水坝以及气候变化、过度捕捞、水产养殖和污染，通过栖息地同质化、洄游通道阻塞、亲鱼种群减少和疾病对鱼类多样性和资源构成威胁。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。渔业在柬埔寨发挥着不可替代的作用，水产养殖在三角洲和湄公河上游的重要性日益增加。梯级水坝以及气候变化、过度捕捞、水产养殖和污染，通过栖息地同质化、洄游通道阻塞、亲鱼种群减少和疾病对鱼类多样性和资源构成威胁。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。父母人口减少，和疾病有关。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。父母人口减少，和疾病有关。提倡综合管理、捕捞和水产养殖渔业相结合，以及科学家、渔民和公众之间的合作，以解决湄公河鱼类面临的问题。