The evaporation-driven motion and deposition dynamics of nanoparticles (NPs) play significant roles in inkjet-printed structures such as the finger electrodes of solar cells. The objective of the present work is to reveal the mechanisms of NPs motion and distribution on a textured surface in the multi-droplets impact, coalescence and evaporation process. However, the complex interplay among NPs, host fluids and textured medium presents great challenges to numerical modeling. In this paper, a hybrid 3D lattice Boltzmann (LB) model coupled with the Langevin equation (LE) model is presented to handle the multi-droplets impact, coalescence, evaporation and NPs motion dynamics. In the droplet evaporation process, two patterns of NPs deposition rate are first identified at the time of maximum spreading width. For simultaneous and successive impact modes, three peaks of deposited NPs are formed adjacent to the droplet centers after drying out. And the quantities of deposited NPs adjacent to the collision region are increased due to enhanced NPs mixing in successive impacts mode. Detailed figures of NPs motion and deposition on a textured surface are offered that provide in-depth insights beneficial for optimizing the inkjet printing process.

纳米粒子（NPs）的蒸发驱动运动和沉积动力学在喷墨打印结构（例如太阳能电池的指状电极）中起着重要作用。本工作的目的是揭示在多液滴撞击，聚结和蒸发过程中，NP在质感表面上运动和分布的机理。然而，NP，宿主流体和织构介质之间复杂的相互作用给数值建模提出了巨大的挑战。本文提出了一种混合3D格子Boltzmann（LB）模型和Langevin方程（LE）模型，以处理多液滴的撞击，聚结，蒸发和NPs运动动力学。在液滴蒸发过程中，首先在最大扩展宽度时识别出两种NPs沉积速率模式。对于同时和连续的冲击模式，干燥后，在液滴中心附近形成三个沉积的NPs峰。并且由于在连续撞击模式下增强的NP混合，增加了与碰撞区域相邻的NP沉积数量。提供了NP在有纹理的表面上运动和沉积的详细图形，这些图形提供了深入的见解，有助于优化喷墨打印过程。