Understanding ballast layer dynamic response and long-term behavior under moving train loads is necessary for optimization of railway track performance. This paper discussed an advanced testing effort undertaken in a controlled laboratory environment for the measurement of dynamic load responses via multitude of installed sensors and the development of validated computer models and simulation tools suitable for analyzing full-scale ballasted track under dynamic loading. Constructed in a large rectangular metal frame, the laboratory model consisted of a full-scale track with eight ties, ballast, subballast, and embankment. Three different speeds and axle load configurations were applied sequentially onto the full-scale ballasted track using eight actuators, which realistically captured both slow moving freight and high-speed passenger train loads. Vibration velocities were captured at different locations on ballast surfaces and ties. Dynamic soil stresses were recorded at the bottom of the ballast and subballast layers. Both transient and permanent deformations due to repeated dynamic loads were measured in the track substructure layers and for all eight ties. “SmartRock” advanced sensors were used for the first time to track ballast particle movements under dynamic loading. Further, the test data from the experiments were compared with preliminary Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations.

为了优化铁路轨道性能，必须了解在移动列车载荷下的道ball层动态响应和长期行为。本文讨论了在受控实验室环境中通过大量安装的传感器来测量动态载荷响应的高级测试工作，以及适用于分析动态载荷下满载道development轨道的经过验证的计算机模型和仿真工具的开发。该实验室模型以大型矩形金属框架建造，包括一条带八个扎带，压载物，次压载物和路堤的全尺寸轨道。使用八个执行器将三种不同的速度和轴负载配置顺序施加到满载道ball轨道上，这些执行器实际上捕获了缓慢移动的货物和高速旅客列车的负载。在压载物表面和扎带的不同位置捕获了振动速度。在压载层和压载层的底部记录了动态土壤应力。在轨道子结构层和所有八个拉杆中都测量了由于反复的动态载荷而引起的瞬时变形和永久变形。首次使用“ SmartRock”高级传感器跟踪动态负载下的压载颗粒运动。此外，将来自实验的测试数据与初步的离散元素方法（DEM）模拟进行了比较。在轨道子结构层和所有八个拉杆中都测量了由于反复的动态载荷而引起的瞬时变形和永久变形。首次使用“ SmartRock”高级传感器跟踪动态负载下的压载颗粒运动。此外，将来自实验的测试数据与初步的离散元素方法（DEM）模拟进行了比较。在轨道子结构层和所有八个拉杆中都测量了由于反复的动态载荷而引起的瞬时变形和永久变形。首次使用“ SmartRock”高级传感器跟踪动态负载下的压载颗粒运动。此外，将来自实验的测试数据与初步的离散元素方法（DEM）模拟进行了比较。