This mini-review article summarizes the available technologies for the recycling of heavy metals (HMs) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA). Recovery technologies included thermal separation (TS), chemical extraction (CE), bioleaching, and electrochemical processes. The reaction conditions of various methods, the efficiency of recovering HMs from MSWI FA and the difficulties and solutions in the process of technical development were studied. Evaluation of each process has also been done to determine the best HM recycling method and future challenges. Results showed that while bioleaching had minimal environmental impact, the process was time-consuming. TS and CE were the most mature technologies, but the former process was not cost-effective. Overall, it has the greatest economic potential to recover metals by CE with scrubber liquid produced by a wet air pollution control system. An electrochemical process or solvent extraction could then be applied to recover HMs from the enriched leachate. Ongoing development of TS and bioleaching technologies could reduce the treatment cost or time.

这篇小型评论文章总结了在城市固体废物焚烧 (MSWI) 飞灰 (FA) 中回收重金属 (HMs) 的可用技术。回收技术包括热分离 (TS)、化学萃取 (CE)、生物浸出和电化学工艺。研究了各种方法的反应条件、从MSWI FA中回收HMs的效率以及技术开发过程中的难点和解决方案。还对每个过程进行了评估，以确定最佳的 HM 回收方法和未来的挑战。结果表明，虽然生物浸出对环境的影响最小，但该过程非常耗时。TS 和 CE 是最成熟的技术，但前一种工艺不符合成本效益。总体，使用湿空气污染控制系统产生的洗涤液通过 CE 回收金属具有最大的经济潜力。然后可以应用电化学过程或溶剂萃取从富集的渗滤液中回收 HMs。TS 和生物浸出技术的持续发展可以降低处理成本或时间。