This study compared the analogical reasoning of three groups that differed in their creative expertise: professional actors, undergraduate acting majors, and nonactors. Using an Analogy Finding Task, in which participants identified valid and nonvalid verbal analogies, three aspects of participants' analogical reasoning were measured: the number of analogies participants selected as valid (Quantity), the rate of true-positive analogical identification (Sensitivity), and the rate of true-negative identification of nonvalid analogies (Selectivity). The Analogy Finding Task was administered under both a baseline and a “think creatively” prompt. Results showed that actors (professional or student) were significantly more Sensitive to valid analogies than nonactors, and these creative experts were significantly more influenced by the “think creatively” prompt, which increased the Quantity, and decreased the Selectivity, of actors' analogical reasoning. To explain these results, we forward the general hypothesis that creative experts may be more flexible in response to creativity-relevant contextual cues than nonexperts.

中文翻译：

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创造性专业知识对类比推理敏感性和选择性的影响

本研究比较了三个在创作专长上不同的群体的类比推理：专业演员、本科表演专业和非演员。使用类比发现任务，参与者识别有效和无效的口头类比，测量参与者类比推理的三个方面：被选为有效类比的参与者数量（数量），真阳性类比识别率（敏感性），以及无效类比的真阴性识别率（选择性）。类比发现任务是在基线和“创造性思考”提示下进行的。结果表明演员（专业人士或学生）比非演员对有效类比更敏感，这些创意专家明显更受“创造性思考”提示的影响，这增加了演员类比推理的数量，降低了选择性。为了解释这些结果，我们提出一般假设，即创意专家可能比非专家更灵活地响应与创意相关的上下文线索。