The study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) of Foeniculum vulgare seed essential oil (FSEO), for the purposes of maximizing efficiency and reducing costs in terms of time and energy. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) was investigated to screen the six different variables affecting FSEO extraction and select the most significant ones. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interactions of the significant parameters and to determine optimal conditions. MAHD and the traditional hydrodistillation (HD) techniques were compared in terms of extraction efficiency, economic and environmental impacts, and chemical composition of the FSEO. The optimum conditions of the studied responses were particle size less than 333.4673 μm, at the irradiation time of 20 min and a microwave power of 305.9282 W with a solid-liquid ratio of 0.1477 g/mL. Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis showed that the FSEO composition in MAHD and HD is similar with slight differences. Therefore, the results show that the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method is an innovative, economical and environmentally friendly approach to efficiently and safely extract essential oil an economic and green innovative approach to extract efficiently and safely the essential oil (EO).

该研究旨在优化的微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏（MAHD）茴香种子精油（FSEO），目的是最大程度地提高效率并减少时间和精力上的成本。研究了Plackett-Burman设计（PBD），以筛选影响FSEO提取的六个不同变量，并选择最重要的变量。响应面方法学（RSM）用于评估重要参数的相互作用并确定最佳条件。在提取效率，经济和环境影响以及FSEO的化学成分方面，对MAHD和传统的加氢蒸馏（HD）技术进行了比较。研究响应的最佳条件是：粒径小于333.4673μm，照射时间为20分钟，微波功率为305.9282 W，固液比为0.1477 g / mL。气相色谱（GC）分析表明，MAHD和HD中的FSEO成分相似，但略有不同。因此，结果表明，微波辅助加氢蒸馏是一种高效，安全地提取香精油的创新，经济，环保的方法，是一种高效，安全地提取香精油（EO）的经济且绿色的创新方法。