Patients with hematological malignancies are at risk of developing of various infectious and non-infectious pulmonary complications. Common non-infectious pulmonary complications include pulmonary edema, leukostasis, diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) and differentiation syndrome. The overlapping imaging features pose diagnostic dilemma. We retrospectively analysed the CT findings in identifying differentiating imaging markers and developing an algorithm. 46 diagnosed patients of non-infectious pulmonary complications who underwent CT chest between February 2017 to March 2020 were included. The CT findings were recorded as parenchymal (GGO, consolidation, septal thickening, peribronchovascular interstitial thickening, and nodules), pleural effusion, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We categorized non-infectious pulmonary complications as: differentiation syndrome (Group1, n = 6), DAH (Group 2, n = 8), leukostasis (Group 3, n = 14),leukemic infiltrate (Group 4, n = 5), and pulmonary edema(Group 5, n = 13). Chi-square or Fisher exact test were used with p value \(\mathrm {<}\)0.05 as statistically significant.Absence of diffuse GGO in Group 4, interlobular septal thickening in Group 2 and Group 3, nodules in Group 5, and peribronchovascular interstitial thickening in Group 2 were statistically significant. Presence of interlobular septal thickening in Group 5, nodules in Group 4, and peribronchovascular interstitial thickening in Group 5 were statistically significant. Based on the results, an algorithm was developed which may suggest a possible diagnosis in an appropriate clinical scenario.

患有血液系统恶性肿瘤的患者有发生各种感染性和非感染性肺部并发症的风险。常见的非感染性肺部并发症包括肺水肿、白细胞淤滞、弥漫性肺泡出血（DAH）和分化综合征。重叠的成像特征构成了诊断难题。我们回顾性分析了 CT 在识别鉴别成像标记和开发算法方面的发现。纳入 2017 年 2 月至 2020 年 3 月期间接受 CT 胸部 CT 诊断的非感染性肺部并发症患者 46 例。CT检查结果记录为实质（GGO、实变、间隔增厚、支气管血管周围间质增厚和结节）、胸腔积液和纵隔淋巴结肿大。我们将非感染性肺部并发症分类为：分化综合征（第 1 组，n = 6）、DAH（第 2 组，n = 8）、白细胞停滞（第 3 组，n = 14）、白血病浸润（第 4 组，n = 5）和肺水肿（第 5 组，n = 13）。卡方或 Fisher 精确检验与p值\(\mathrm {<}\) 0.05 具有统计学意义。第 4 组无弥漫性 GGO、第 2 组和第 3 组小叶间隔增厚、第 5 组结节和第 2 组支气管血管周围间质增厚具有统计学意义。第 5 组存在小叶间隔增厚、第 4 组存在结节和第 5 组存在支气管血管周围间质增厚具有统计学意义。根据结果​​，开发了一种算法，该算法可以在适当的临床情况下提出可能的诊断。