This article analyzes the presence of writing instruments dating to the 2nd–1st c. BCE at several archaeological sites of the northeastern Iberian peninsula (current Catalonia), attempting to assess their historical, social, and economic interest. The evidence of the ancient literary sources, as well as the archaeological contexts in which these objects appeared, allow us to interpret these writing instruments as part of the mechanisms of control and recordkeeping deployed by Rome in this territory during the long and complex process of conquest.

中文翻译：

---

在罗马占领西班牙东北部（公元前 2 世纪和公元前 1 世纪）期间管理省级资源的书写工具

本文分析了可追溯到 2 世纪至 1 世纪的书写工具的存在。BCE 在伊比利亚半岛东北部（现在的加泰罗尼亚）的几个考古遗址，试图评估他们的历史、社会和经济利益。古代文学资料的证据，以及这些物品出现的考古背景，使我们能够将这些书写工具解释为罗马在漫长而复杂的征服过程中在该领土上部署的控制和记录机制的一部分.