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The Logic of Kleinkrieg: The “Book of Halil Beg” in Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomacy, 1550–76
Austrian History Yearbook ( IF 0.400 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 , DOI: 10.1017/s0067237821000035
James D. Tracy

The Ottoman conquest of Szigetvar and Gyula (1566) exposed the weakness of the Habsburg monarchy. Unable to mount a military response, Maximilian II depended on his diplomats to ward off the imposition of a conqueror's peace along the Hungarian border. But an official register, the Book of Halil Beg, put forward the sultan's claims to a wide swath of towns and villages, including many still held by Habsburg loyalists. Moreover, the Ottomans said, His Majesty had best accept a settlement on these terms; victorious Turkish captains wanted more and were restrained only by Selim II's orders. This essay describes the efforts of Maximilian's ambassadors to forestall additional losses in peacetime. After years of tough negotiation, they managed to obtain minor revision of the relevant treaty text. Although the Book of Halil Beg would indeed be the basis for any border settlement, as the Porte insisted, the Ottomans acknowledged that Vienna disputed certain of its provisions. This mere protest may have been enough to assure loyalist magnates in Hungary that the dynasty had not abandoned them, or their hereditary lands. Hence the paradox of Habsburg-Ottoman diplomacy. The 1576 treaty of peace, formally ending hostilities, was at the same time a charter for Kleinkrieg.



中文翻译:

克莱因格里格的逻辑:哈布斯堡-奥斯曼帝国的“哈利尔·拜格之书”,1550年至76年

奥斯曼帝国对Szigetvar和Gyula的征服(1566年)暴露了哈布斯堡王朝的弱点。由于无法作出军事反应,马克西米利安二世依靠他的外交官来抵制征服匈牙利沿匈牙利的和平。但是,官方登记册《哈利勒·拜格经》(hali beg book)向广泛的城镇和村庄提出了苏丹的主张,其中包括许多仍由哈布斯堡族忠诚者持有的城镇。奥斯曼帝国人还说,,下最好接受这些条款的解决办法。胜利的土耳其船长想要更多,而且仅受塞利姆二世的命令约束。本文介绍了马克西米利安(Maximilian)大使为防止和平时期的其他损失所做的努力。经过多年的艰苦谈判,他们设法对相关条约案文进行了较小的修订。正如波特所坚持的那样,尽管哈利勒·拜格书确实是任何边界解决的基础,但奥斯曼帝国承认,维也纳对其某些规定提出了异议。仅仅是抗议就足以向匈牙利的忠实富豪们保证,王朝没有放弃他们,也没有放弃他们的世袭土地。因此,哈布斯堡-奥斯曼外交的悖论。1576年的和平条约正式结束了敌对行动,与此同时,克莱因格里格(Kleinkrieg)

更新日期:2021-05-17
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