Emergence of pollutants in wastewater, expensive cultivation of microalgae, and difficulties in industrial scale production are the main challenges for successful coupling of microalgae with wastewater. Nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus in wastewater are deliberately consumed by microalgae and cyanobacteria for their growth and could act as green technology for wastewater treatment. In this review, the role and mechanistic approaches of microalgae and cyanobacteria for removal of various (in)organic compounds from wastewater have been thoroughly addressed. Distinct pathways have been reported for improving wastewater treatment technologies through large-scale cultivation of microalgal. The techno-economic feasibility and major commercial production challenges along with genetic engineering research have been addressed. A biorefinery approach with integrated biology, ecology, and engineering would lead to a feasible microalgal-based technology for various applications.

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中文翻译：

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微藻和蓝细菌在废水处理中的作用：基因工程和组学方法

废水中污染物的出现，微藻的昂贵培养以及工业规模生产的困难是微藻与废水成功偶联的主要挑战。微藻和蓝细菌故意消耗废水中的氮，碳和磷，以促进它们的生长，并可以用作废水处理的绿色技术。在这篇综述中，已经彻底解决了微藻和蓝细菌从废水中去除各种（无机）有机化合物的作用和机理。据报导，通过大规模培养微藻来改善废水处理技术的不同途径。技术经济可行性和主要的商业生产挑战以及基因工程研究已得到解决。

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