In this study, a new high‐latitude empirical model is introduced, named for Auroral energy Spectrum and High‐Latitude Electric field variabilitY (ASHLEY). This model improves specifications of soft electron precipitations and electric field variability that are not well represented in existing high‐latitude empirical models. ASHLEY consists of three components, ASHLEY‐A, ASHLEY‐E, and ASHLEY‐Evar, which are developed based on the electron precipitation and bulk ion drift measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites during the most recent solar cycle. On the one hand, unlike most existing high‐latitude electron precipitation models, which have assumptions about the energy spectrum of incident electrons, the electron precipitation component of ASHLEY, ASHLEY‐A, provides the differential energy fluxes in the 19 DMSP energy channels under different geophysical conditions without making any assumptions about the energy spectrum. It has been found that the relaxation of spectral assumptions significantly improves soft electron precipitation specifications with respect to a Maxwellian spectrum (up to several orders of magnitude). On the other hand, ASHLEY provides consistent mean electric field and electric field variability under different geophysical conditions by ASHLEY‐E and ASHLEY‐Evar components, respectively. This is different from most existing electric field models which only focus on the large‐scale mean electric field and ignore the electric field variability. Furthermore, the consistency between the electric field and electron precipitation is better taken into account in ASHLEY.

中文翻译：

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ASHLEY：高纬度电子降水和电场的新经验模型

在这项研究中，引入了一种新的高纬度经验模型，该模型以极光能谱和高纬度电场可变性（ASHLEY）命名。该模型改善了在现有的高纬度经验模型中不能很好表示的软电子沉淀和电场可变性的规范。ASHLEY由ASHLEY‐A，ASHLEY‐E和ASHLEY‐Evar三个组件组成，这些组件是根据最近一次太阳周期中来自国防气象卫星计划（DMSP）卫星的电子降水和体离子漂移测量结果而开发的。一方面，与大多数现有的高纬度电子沉淀模型不同，后者对入射电子的能谱进行了假设，ASHLEY，ASHLEY-A，提供了在不同地球物理条件下19个DMSP能量通道中的差分能量通量，而无需对能量谱进行任何假设。已经发现，相对于麦克斯韦光谱（高达几个数量级），光谱假设的松弛显着改善了软电子沉淀的规格。另一方面，ASHLEY分别通过ASHLEY-E和ASHLEY-Evar组件在不同的地球物理条件下提供一致的平均电场和电场可变性。这不同于大多数现有的电场模型，后者仅关注大型平均电场，而忽略电场变化。此外，在ASHLEY中更好地考虑了电场和电子沉淀之间的一致性。