Mobile apps offering online to offline (O2O) services act as aggregators providing interface for delivery of required products and services at a preferred location. Despite offering multiple affordances, many O2O services have not diffused as anticipated, indicating the existence of consumer resistance towards them. One such example is that of food delivery apps (FDAs), which are experiencing resistance at both the pre-adoption and post-adoption stage. However, there are scarce empirical findings explicating the pre-and post-adoption barriers perceived to be associated with FDAs. The present study addresses this gap by utilising the Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT) and a convergent mixed-method study design to examine the barriers that existing FDA users face and how these impinge on their trust and valence of recommendation behaviour (positive and negative word of mouth). The study not only extends the classic IRT barriers to the FDA-context by identifying three key barriers (economic, efficiency, and experience) but also offers empirical evidence to support the negative association of barriers with trust and paradoxical recommendation behaviour by analysing data collected from 303 FDA users through Prolific. The findings also support the mediation effect of trust and the moderation effect of advertisement overload on the identified associations, making interesting theoretical and practical contributions.

提供在线到离线（O2O）服务的移动应用程序充当聚合器，为在首选位置交付所需产品和服务提供接口。尽管提供了多种优惠，但许多O2O服务并未像预期的那样普及，这表明存在消费者对其的抵制。一个这样的例子就是食品交付应用程序（FDA），它在采用前和采用后阶段都遇到阻力。但是，很少有经验发现可以解释与FDA相关的采用前后的障碍。本研究通过利用创新抵抗理论（IRT）和融合的混合方法研究设计来解决这一差距，以检查现有FDA用户面临的障碍以及这些障碍如何影响他们对推荐行为的信任和接受度（正负词）。嘴）。这项研究不仅通过确定三个关键障碍（经济，效率和经验）将经典的IRT障碍扩展到FDA，而且还提供了经验证据，通过分析从IRT收集的数据来支持障碍与信任和悖论推荐行为的负相关。 303名FDA用户通过多产。这些发现还支持信任的中介作用和广告超载对确定的关联的调节作用，从而做出了有趣的理论和实践贡献。