Urban freight by motorized transport poses a threat to the sustainable development of modern city centers through extensive emissions of greenhouse gasses, contributing to congestion, and increasing the risk of traffic accidents. In addition, further densification of European city centers demands an effective use of urban areas. As urban planners are shifting their focus from automobiles to cyclists and pedestrians, the cargo bike has been used as an alternative to motorized vehicles for urban freight in several European cities. Flexible use of cargo bikes permits efficient delivery of goods in congested urban areas, with zero emissions. Cargo bikes are also becoming a part of the city logistics in northern countries like Norway, where they are prone to adverse weather conditions, low temperatures and roads covered with snow and ice. The Armadillo, a four-wheeled cargo bike from the Swedish company Velove, was used in Norway for its first winter in 2018/19. Based on the lack of research on how cargo bikes operate in northern climates and a hypothesis that cargo bikes operate with less efficiency on winter roads than in summer conditions, the two following research questions were formulated: 1. What challenges and obstacles are cargo bikes facing on winter roads? 2. How can we facilitate and ensure efficient operation of cargo bikes in northern climates? To answer these questions, two methodological approaches were applied. First, observations and GPS-tracking of a working cargo cyclist were performed on winter roads in Trondheim, Norway. Second, seven qualitative interviews were conducted among experienced cargo cyclists in several Norwegian cities. Calculated velocities for the observed cargo cyclist showed that the average velocity in general was 27.6% lower for winter trips than spring trips. The observations and the interviews show that even though snow, ice, slush and low temperatures reduces the cargo bikes efficiency, using cargo bikes for urban delivery on winter roads is fully feasible. The design of the Armadillo, sufficient clothing and good planning solves many of the challenges faced by cargo bikes on winter roads. In addition, a cargo bike with more durable parts, larger wheels and better illumination, as well as an increase in the amount of bicycle lanes, would further facilitate the efficient operation of cargo bikes in northern climates. The biggest challenge concerning the use of cargo bikes for urban delivery in northern countries, seems to be urban consolidation centers or micro depots as an essential prerequisite for effective operation. Such centers would also provide the cargo cyclists a warm place to take breaks and to load, charge and maintain the cargo bikes. The findings in this study are supposed to provide further knowledge for urban planners, municipalities, road owners and logistic companies on how to ensure efficient operation of cargo bikes on winter roads.

机动运输的城市货运通过大量排放温室气体，对现代城市中心的可持续发展构成威胁，导致拥堵，并增加交通事故的风险。此外，欧洲城市中心的进一步密集化需要有效利用城市地区。随着城市规划者将注意力从汽车转移到骑自行车者和行人，货运自行车已在几个欧洲城市被用作城市货运机动车辆的替代品。灵活使用货运自行车可以在拥挤的城市地区高效地交付货物，实现零排放。货运自行车也正在成为挪威等北方国家城市物流的一部分，在这些国家，它们容易受到恶劣天气条件、低温和被冰雪覆盖的道路的影响。犰狳，瑞典公司 Velove 的四轮货运自行车在 2018/19 年的第一个冬天在挪威使用。基于缺乏关于货运自行车如何在北方气候条件下运行的研究以及货运自行车在冬季道路上的运行效率低于夏季条件的假设，制定了以下两个研究问题：1。货运自行车在冬季道路上面临哪些挑战和障碍？2.我们如何促进和确保货运自行车在北方气候条件下的高效运行？为了回答这些问题，应用了两种方法论方法。首先，在挪威特隆赫姆的冬季道路上对一名正在工作的货运自行车手进行了观察和 GPS 跟踪。其次，对挪威几个城市的经验丰富的货运自行车手进行了七次定性访谈。观察到的货运自行车手的计算速度表明，冬季旅行的平均速度通常比春季旅行低 27.6%。观察和采访表明，尽管雪、冰、雪泥和低温会降低货运自行车的效率，但在冬季道路上使用货运自行车进行城市交付是完全可行的。犰狳的设计、充足的服装和良好的规划解决了货运自行车在冬季道路上面临的许多挑战。此外，具有更耐用部件的货运自行车，更大的车轮和更好的照明，以及自行车道数量的增加，将进一步促进货运自行车在北方气候下的高效运行。在北方国家，使用货运自行车进行城市交付的最大挑战似乎是城市整合中心或微型仓库，这是有效运营的必要前提。这样的中心还将为货运自行车手提供一个温暖的地方，让他们休息，装载、充电和维护货运自行车。本研究的结果旨在为城市规划者、市政当局、道路所有者和物流公司提供有关如何确保货运自行车在冬季道路上高效运行的进一步知识。将进一步促进货运自行车在北方气候条件下的有效运营。在北方国家，使用货运自行车进行城市交付的最大挑战似乎是城市整合中心或微型仓库，这是有效运营的必要前提。这样的中心还将为货运自行车手提供一个温暖的地方，让他们休息，装载、充电和维护货运自行车。本研究的结果旨在为城市规划者、市政当局、道路所有者和物流公司提供有关如何确保货运自行车在冬季道路上高效运行的进一步知识。将进一步促进货运自行车在北方气候条件下的有效运营。在北方国家，使用货运自行车进行城市交付的最大挑战似乎是城市整合中心或微型仓库，这是有效运营的必要前提。这样的中心还将为货运自行车手提供一个温暖的地方，让他们休息，装载、充电和维护货运自行车。本研究的结果旨在为城市规划者、市政当局、道路所有者和物流公司提供有关如何确保货运自行车在冬季道路上高效运行的进一步知识。似乎将城市整合中心或微型车厂作为有效运作的必要前提。这样的中心还将为货运自行车手提供一个温暖的地方，让他们休息，装载、充电和维护货运自行车。本研究的结果旨在为城市规划者、市政当局、道路所有者和物流公司提供有关如何确保货运自行车在冬季道路上高效运行的进一步知识。似乎将城市整合中心或微型车厂作为有效运作的必要前提。这样的中心还将为货运自行车手提供一个温暖的地方，让他们休息，装载、充电和维护货运自行车。本研究的结果旨在为城市规划者、市政当局、道路所有者和物流公司提供有关如何确保货运自行车在冬季道路上高效运行的进一步知识。