For children, second-order planning in object manipulation, as demonstrated by the end-state comfort (ESC) effect, is constrained by numerous factors. As a step towards delineating the influence of object size, children (ages 6–10, n = 113) and adults (ages 18–25, n = 17) performed an overturned cup task with 8 cup sizes (4.7–8.4 cm diameter). Contrary to the hypothesis, cup size did not predict the overall proportion of trials with ESC. An increase in age and hand length did result in more ESC. Subsequent analyses with children, which focused on each cup size, revealed an increase in the ratio of hand size to cup size resulted in an increase in ESC with the 4.7, 5.2, 6.2, and 6.7 cm cups, age was a significant predictor with 4.7, 5.2, and 6.2 cm cups, and the interaction was significant for the 6.2 cm cup. No other significant results emerged. Together, findings offer preliminary support for the notion that object size does constrain children’s motor planning skills to a certain degree (i.e., with large cups); however, further inquiry is warranted to elucidate the link between object size and hand size in children’s performance of tasks requiring second-order planning.

对于儿童来说，对象操纵中的二阶规划，如终态舒适 (ESC) 效应所证明的，受到许多因素的限制。作为描述物体大小影响的一步，儿童（6-10 岁，n  = 113）和成人（18-25 岁，n = 17) 使用 8 种罩杯尺寸（直径 4.7–8.4 厘米）执行翻转罩杯任务。与假设相反，罩杯大小并不能预测 ESC 试验的总体比例。年龄和手长的增加确实导致更多的 ESC。随后对儿童进行的分析，重点关注每种罩杯尺寸，显示手尺寸与罩杯尺寸之比的增加导致 4.7、5.2、6.2 和 6.7 厘米罩杯的 ESC 增加，年龄是 4.7 厘米的重要预测因子、5.2 和 6.2 厘米的罩杯，而 6.2 厘米罩杯的交互作用显着。没有出现其他重要结果。总之，研究结果初步支持了物体大小确实在一定程度上限制了儿童的运动计划技能（即大杯子）的概念。然而，