Background

General aggression and evolutionary models posit that more severe early exposure experiences to trauma (physical, emotional, sexual abuse and/or neglect) place one at risk for adulthood psychopathology through heightened trait anger expression–internal (Anger-In) and external (Anger-Out). However, there are a dearth of empirical studies explaining the longitudinal childhood maltreatment–adulthood psychopathology relation.

Objective

Therefore, this study investigated if childhood maltreatment exposure severity predicted elevated adulthood major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Moreover, we tested if trait anger expression – internal and external – mediated the childhood maltreatment–adulthood MDD, GAD, PD, and AUD symptom associations.

Method

Participants took part in two waves of measurement spaced approximately 9 years apart. Time 1 childhood trauma severity (retrospectively-reported Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), Time 2 Anger-In and Anger-Out (State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory), and Time 3 adulthood MDD, GAD, PD (Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form), and AUD (Alcohol Screening Test) diagnoses were measured.

Results

Anger-Out and Anger-In partially mediated the relations between childhood trauma severity and adulthood psychopathology diagnoses after adjusting for Time 2 symptoms. Higher Time 1 childhood trauma severity was related to greater Time 2 Anger-Out and Anger-In, and increased Time 2 Anger-Out and Anger-In were thereby related to elevated Time 3 adulthood MDD, PD and AUD, but not GAD severity. Trait anger accounted for 14 to 50% of the variance of childhood trauma–adulthood MDD, PD and AUD relations.

Discussion

Theoretical and clinical implications, such as the need for trauma-informed care, are discussed.

中文翻译：

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特质的愤怒表达介导儿童创伤，预测成年后的焦虑，抑郁和饮酒障碍

背景

一般性的侵略和进化模型认为，更严重的创伤早期暴露经历（身体，情感，性虐待和/或忽视）使人通过增加内在的愤怒表达（内部-愤怒）和外部的愤怒表达而陷入成年的精神病理学风险。出去）。但是，缺乏经验的研究来解释儿童期纵向虐待与成人心理病理学的关系。

客观的

因此，本研究调查了儿童期受虐待的严重程度是否预示了成人严重抑郁症（MDD），广泛性焦虑症（GAD），恐慌症（PD）和饮酒症（AUD）升高。此外，我们测试了性格愤怒表达（内部和外部）是否介导了儿童期虐待，成年MDD，GAD，PD和AUD症状的关联。

方法

参加者参加了大约相隔9年的两次测量浪潮。时间1的儿童创伤严重程度（回顾性报告的儿童创伤问卷），时间2的愤怒和愤怒（状态-特质愤怒表达量表）和时间3的成年时间MDD，GAD，PD（综合国际诊断面试-简短表格） ，并测量了AUD（酒精筛查测试）诊断。

结果

调整时间2症状后，Anger-Out和Anger-In部分介导了童年创伤严重程度与成年心理病理学诊断之间的关系。较高的时间1儿童创伤严重程度与较高的时间2愤怒和愤怒投入有关，因此，较高的时间2愤怒和愤怒投入与时间3成年期MDD，PD和AUD升高有关，但与GAD严重程度无关。特质愤怒占儿童期创伤（成年MDD，PD和AUD关系）方差的14％至50％。

讨论

讨论了理论和临床意义，例如对创伤知情护理的需求。