The review discusses a new approach to the prevention and treatment of viral infections based on the use of pine needles polyprenyl phosphate (PPP) and associated with the infringement of prenylation process—the attachment of farnesol or geranyl geraniol to the viral protein. Currently, prenylation has been detected in type 1 adenovirus, hepatitis C virus, several herpes viruses, influenza virus, HIV. However, this list is far from complete, given that prenylated proteins play an extremely important role in the activity of the virus. We assume that the interferon produced in response to PPP may suppress expression of the SREBP2 transcription factor. As a result, the mevalonic acid pathway is violated and, as a result, the formation of early polyprenols precursors (geraniol, geranyl geraniol, farnesol), which are necessary for the prenylation of viral proteins, is blocked and the formation of mature, virulent virus particles is broken. As a consequence, the maturation of viral particles is inhibited, and defective particles are formed. Polyprenol was extracted from greenery (pine, fir and spruce needles, mulberry leaves, etc.), purified by chromatography, phosphorylated and identified by HPLC and NMR. Obtained PPP was used as antiviral in some experimental models in vitro and in vivo. During numerous studies, it was found that PPP manifested versatile antiviral effects, both in vitro and in vivo. The maximum effect was observed with viruses in which the presence of prenylated proteins was established, namely influenza A virus, HIV-1, tick-borne encephalitis virus, hepatitis A and C viruses, herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, some coronavirus. The available data obtained both in the experimental conditions and during clinical trials allow us to regard PPPs as safe and effective medicine for prevention and treatment of viral diseases.

该综述讨论了一种预防和治疗病毒感染的新方法，该方法基于使用松针聚异戊二烯磷酸酯 (PPP) 并与异戊烯化过程（法尼醇或香叶基香叶醇与病毒蛋白的附着）有关。目前，已在 1 型腺病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、几种疱疹病毒、流感病毒、HIV 中检测到异戊二烯化。然而，鉴于异戊二烯化蛋白在病毒的活动中发挥着极其重要的作用，这个列表还远未完成。我们假设响应于 PPP 产生的干扰素可能抑制 SREBP2 转录因子的表达。结果，甲羟戊酸途径被破坏，结果形成了早期聚异戊二烯醇前体（香叶醇、香叶基香叶醇、法尼醇），病毒蛋白异戊二烯化所必需的蛋白质被阻断，成熟的毒力病毒颗粒的形成被破坏。结果，抑制了病毒颗粒的成熟，并形成了有缺陷的颗粒。从绿色植物（松树、冷杉和云杉的针叶、桑叶等）中提取聚异戊二烯，色谱纯化，磷酸化，HPLC和NMR鉴定。获得的 PPP 在一些体外和体内实验模型中用作抗病毒剂。在众多研究中，发现 PPP 在体外和体内都表现出多种抗病毒作用。对存在异戊二烯化蛋白的病毒观察到最大效果，即甲型流感病毒、HIV-1、蜱传脑炎病毒、甲型和丙型肝炎病毒、1型和2型单纯疱疹病毒、一些冠状病毒。