Abstract

Among all hydrological factors, water regime characteristics have always received special attention as integral parameters of the hydrological conditions of a water body, because they can be used in various estimation and forecast procedures. This study considers the development, in both Russia and other countries, of various theories and approaches to zoning the territories by the specific features of the water regime of riv-ers. The evolution of the classification developed by the late XX century, reflects changes in the level of knowledge about river basins and the accumulation of data on their runoff formation conditions. It is shown that the development of specialized databases, containing information about the characteristics of climate and river runoff, thematic electronic GIS-projects, and maps have determined the development of modern quantitative methods. The incorporation of a large volume of hydrometeorological data, the automatization of the means for processing and interpretation of data on river runoff characteristics, software complexes, supporting databases and geoinformation technologies, and web-applications made it possible to pass from general geographic and descriptive classifications and zoning to quantitative approaches, based on rigorous calculations of runoff characteristics and the development of new criteria characterizing the specific features of river water regimes, which can be of use in various economic branches.

中文翻译：

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河流水域分类和分区：历史，方法论和观点

摘要

在所有水文因素中，水态特征一直是水体水文条件不可或缺的整体参数，因为它们可用于各种估算和预报程序。本研究考虑了俄罗斯和其他国家/地区根据河流水权制度的特定特征对领土进行分区的各种理论和方法的发展。到二十世纪末，分类的演变反映了流域知识水平的变化以及流域形成条件数据的积累。结果表明，开发了专门的数据库，其中包含有关气候和河流径流特征的信息，专题电子GIS项目，地图决定了现代定量方法的发展。大量水文气象数据的合并，河流径流特征数据的处理和解释手段的自动化，软件组合，支持的数据库和地理信息技术以及网络应用程序使得有可能从一般的地理和描述性分类中转移并根据径流特征的严格计算和表征河流水域特定特征的新标准的发展对定量方法进行分区，这些标准可以在各个经济分支中使用。