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First temperature database achieved with Fiber Bragg Grating sensors in uncooled plasma facing components of the WEST lower divertor
Fusion Engineering and Design ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112528
Y. Corre , N. Chanet , R. Cotillard , J. Gaspar , G. Laffont , C. Pocheau , G. Caulier , C. Destouches , J-L. Gardarein , M. Firdaouss , M. Houry , M. Missirlian , N. Roussel , B. Santraine

Plasma Facing Components (PFCs) temperature measurement is required to ensure safe high power for long pulse tokamak operation and for physics studies. A set of twenty thermocouples (TCs) and four optical fiber temperature sensing probes, each of them including eleven wavelength-multiplexed fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written with UV radiation, have been integrated and deployed in the WEST lower divertor. To avoid any thermal erasure occurring above 400 °C, the gratings have been regenerated using a high temperature annealing process. The FBG probes are embedded in tungsten-coated graphite components with no active cooling. The diagnostic was working correctly from the first plasma breakdown achieved in WEST (in 2017) until the first dismantling of the lower divertor three years later (2020). Collected data are sorted by temperature range to investigate the ageing of both PFCs and diagnostics. Measurements obtained with FBGs and TCs are consistent, no long-term drift is reported during the overall period of use. The maximum temperature reported by FBGs in the divertor is 830 °C obtained with 90 MJ of cumulated plasma energy in one pulse. A short but reversible collapse of the Bragg peak (from 5 down to 2 dB) has been observed under high temperature due to the strong temperature gradients measured along the fiber (about 20 °C/mm, for an FBG size of 3 mm). This feedback demonstrates that regenerated FBGs are suitable for long-term temperature monitoring in tokamak environment with high heat load, high temperature and gradient, strong magnetic field and vacuum constraint.



中文翻译:

在West下偏滤器的未冷却等离子面对部件中,通过光纤布拉格光栅传感器获得的第一个温度数据库

需要进行等离子体面对组件(PFC)温度测量,以确保安全的高功率,以进行长脉冲托卡马克操作和进行物理研究。一组二十个热电偶(TC)和四个光纤温度传感探头已集成并部署在WEST下部分光器中,每个探头包括十一个用紫外线辐射写入的波长多路复用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)。为了避免在400°C以上发生任何热擦除,已使用高温退火工艺对光栅进行了再生。FBG探头嵌入在钨涂层的石墨组件中,无需主动冷却。从在WEST(2017年)首次发生等离子体故障直到三年后(2020年)首次拆除下偏滤器,该诊断程序一直在正常工作。收集的数据按温度范围排序,以调查PFC和诊断程序的老化情况。使用FBG和TC进行的测量是一致的,在整个使用期间没有长期漂移的报道。FBG在偏滤器中报告的最高温度为830°C,其中90 MJ累积的等离子能量在一个脉冲中获得。在高温下,由于沿光纤测得的温度梯度很强(大约20°C / mm,FBG尺寸为3 mm),布拉格峰出现了短暂但可逆的坍塌(从5下降到2 dB)。该反馈表明,再生的FBG适合在具有高热负荷,高温和高梯度,强磁场和真空约束的托卡马克环境中进行长期温度监测。使用FBG和TC进行的测量是一致的,在整个使用期间没有长期漂移的报道。FBG在偏滤器中报告的最高温度为830°C,其中90 MJ累积的等离子能量在一个脉冲中获得。在高温下,由于沿光纤测得的温度梯度很强(大约20°C / mm,FBG尺寸为3 mm),布拉格峰出现了短暂但可逆的坍塌(从5下降到2 dB)。该反馈表明,再生的FBG适合在具有高热负荷,高温和高梯度,强磁场和真空约束的托卡马克环境中进行长期温度监测。使用FBG和TC进行的测量是一致的,在整个使用期间没有长期漂移的报道。FBG在偏滤器中报告的最高温度为830°C,其中90 MJ累积的等离子能量在一个脉冲中获得。在高温下,由于沿光纤测得的温度梯度很强(大约20°C / mm,FBG尺寸为3 mm),布拉格峰出现了短暂但可逆的崩溃(从5下降到2 dB)。该反馈表明,再生的FBG适合在具有高热负荷,高温和高梯度,强磁场和真空约束的托卡马克环境中进行长期温度监测。FBG在偏滤器中报告的最高温度为830°C,其中90 MJ累积的等离子能量在一个脉冲中获得。在高温下,由于沿光纤测得的温度梯度很强(大约20°C / mm,FBG尺寸为3 mm),布拉格峰出现了短暂但可逆的坍塌(从5下降到2 dB)。该反馈表明,再生的FBG适合在具有高热负荷,高温和高梯度,强磁场和真空约束的托卡马克环境中进行长期温度监测。FBG在偏滤器中报告的最高温度为830°C,其中90 MJ累积的等离子能量在一个脉冲中获得。在高温下,由于沿光纤测得的温度梯度很强(大约20°C / mm,FBG尺寸为3 mm),布拉格峰出现了短暂但可逆的坍塌(从5下降到2 dB)。该反馈表明,再生的FBG适合在具有高热负荷,高温和高梯度,强磁场和真空约束的托卡马克环境中进行长期温度监测。

更新日期:2021-04-04
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