The literature on the modeling and management of data generated through the lifecycle of a manufacturing system is split into two main paradigms: product lifecycle management (PLM) and product, process, resource (PPR) modeling. These paradigms are complementary, and the latter could be considered a more neutral version of the former. There are two main technologies associated with these paradigms: ontologies and databases. Database technology is widespread in industry and is well established. Ontologies remain largely a plaything of the academic community which, despite numerous projects and publications, have seen limited implementations in industrial manufacturing applications. The main objective of this paper is to provide a comparison between ontologies and databases, offering both qualitative and quantitative analyses in the context of PLM and PPR. To achieve this, the article presents (1) a literature review within the context of manufacturing systems that use databases and ontologies, identifying their respective strengths and weaknesses, and (2) an implementation in a real industrial scenario that demonstrates how different modeling approaches can be used for the same purpose. This experiment is used to enable discussion and comparative analysis of both modeling strategies.

有关通过制造系统的生命周期生成的数据进行建模和管理的文献分为两个主要范例：产品生命周期管理（PLM）和产品，过程，资源（PPR）建模。这些范式是互补的，后者可以被视为前者的中性版本。与这些范例相关的主要技术有两种：本体和数据库。数据库技术在行业中很普遍，并且已经建立起来了。本体论在很大程度上仍然是学术界的玩物，尽管有许多项目和出版物，但在工业制造应用中的实现仍然有限。本文的主要目的是提供本体和数据库之间的比较，在PLM和PPR中提供定性和定量分析。为了实现这一目标，本文提出（1）在使用数据库和本体的制造系统的背景下进行文献综述，确定它们各自的优缺点，以及（2）在实际的工业场景中的实施方案，演示如何实现不同的建模方法用于相同的目的。该实验用于对两种建模策略进行讨论和比较分析。（2）在实际工业场景中的实现，演示了如何将不同的建模方法用于同一目的。该实验用于对两种建模策略进行讨论和比较分析。（2）在实际工业场景中的实现，演示了如何将不同的建模方法用于同一目的。该实验用于对两种建模策略进行讨论和比较分析。