The removal of toxic metals from the aquatic ecosystem is one of the most pressing environmental and public health concerns today. A strong potential has recently emerged for the removal of such metals using biochar sorbents. Biosorption technology could make a significant difference in the future. It is a viable and cost-effective alternative to the remediation of toxic pollutants utilizing various biomaterials. In the current study, batch and fixed−bed studies were performed to evaluate the performance of Capsicum annuum L. seeds biochar (CASB) as an alternative material in removing toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Removal characteristics were investigated by considering the equilibrium and kinetic aspects. Biosorption equilibrium was established within 40 min. The optimum dosage of CASB for Pb(II) removal was determined as 2.0 g L⁻¹. Biosorption data were well predicted by a non−linear Langmuir isotherm model. Monolayer biosorption occurred for CASB with a maximum capacity of 36.43 mg g⁻¹. Biosorption kinetics fitted well with a pseudo−first−order kinetic model. The external mass transfer may control Pb(II) transport mechanism. Dynamic flow mode biosorption and regeneration potential of CASB were also examined. The application of CASB exhibited a 100% removal yield in real apple juice samples spiked with low concentrations of Pb(II). Exhausted points for the CASB packed columns were recorded as 195 and 320 min for simulated wastewater (SW) and synthetic Pb(II) solution, respectively. FTIR, BET, SEM−EDX analysis, and zeta potential measurements were used for the characterization of biochar and assessment of the metal ion−biosorbent interaction mechanism. Finally, our study provides a practical approach for the uptake of Pb(II) ions from contaminated solutions.

从水生生态系统中去除有毒金属是当今最紧迫的环境和公共卫生问题之一。最近出现了使用生物炭吸附剂去除此类金属的强大潜力。生物吸附技术可能会在未来产生重大变化。它是一种利用各种生物材料修复有毒污染物的可行且具有成本效益的替代方法。在当前的研究中，进行了分批和固定床研究以评估辣椒的性能。L.种子生物炭（CASB）作为从水溶液中去除有毒Pb（II）的替代材料。通过考虑平衡和动力学方面研究了去除特性。在40分钟内建立了生物吸附平衡。确定用于去除Pb（II）的CASB的最佳剂量为2.0 g L ^-1。非线性朗缪尔等温线模型很好地预测了生物吸附数据。CASB发生单层生物吸附，最大吸附量为36.43 mg g ^-1。生物吸附动力学很好地拟合了伪一级动力学模型。外部传质可以控制Pb（II）的传输机制。还检查了CASB的动态流模式生物吸附和再生潜力。CASB的应用在掺有低浓度Pb（II）的真实苹果汁样品中显示出100％的去除率。对于模拟废水（SW）和合成Pb（II）溶液，CASB填充柱的排气点分别记录为195和320分钟。FTIR，BET，SEM-EDX分析和zeta电位测量用于生物炭的表征和金属离子-生物吸附剂相互作用机理的评估。最后，我们的研究提供了一种从污染溶液中吸收Pb（II）离子的实用方法。