Three aspects of negotiation issues are framing (types of issues), linking (relationships among the issues), and ordering (procedures for discussing them). In this essay, we review the relevant experimental and case study literatures on each of these aspects and consider interactions among them. Framing includes distinctions among abstract and concrete issues, values and interests, and broad formulas and the details needed to implement them. Linking can be either substantive or tactical, involves adding or subtracting issues, and includes issues imported from other domains or those previously discussed separately within a negotiation. Ordering refers to the distinction between sequential (one issue at a time) and simultaneous (building packages of issues) strategies. These distinctions are choices that may influence the course of negotiation depending on various contingencies within and outside of the negotiation. They are also understood in terms of interactions in a more dynamic conception of negotiating issues. The review concludes with an organizing framework and suggestions for further research in each of the areas covered.

中文翻译：

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问题在谈判中的作用：框架，链接和排序

谈判问题的三个方面是框架（问题的类型），链接（问题之间的关系）和排序（讨论过程）。在本文中，我们回顾了有关这些方面的实验和案例研究文献，并考虑了它们之间的相互作用。构架包括抽象和具体问题，价值和利益之间的区别，以及广泛的公式和实施它们所需的细节。链接可以是实质性的也可以是战术性的，涉及增加或减少问题，并且包括从其他域导入的问题或先前在协商中单独讨论的问题。排序是指顺序（一次发行一个）和同时（构建一揽子发行）策略之间的区别。这些区别是可能会影响谈判过程的选择，具体取决于谈判内部和外部的各种突发事件。在更动态的协商问题概念中，也可以从交互的角度来理解它们。审查总结了一个组织框架和对所涵盖的每个领域进行进一步研究的建议。