Background Sleep is a robust determinant of next-day emotions, but people vary in the extent that their emotions fluctuate on days following short sleep duration. These individual differences in day-to-day sleep and emotion dynamics may have long-term health implications. Purpose To evaluate emotional vulnerability to short sleep (within-person associations between sleep duration and next-day emotions) as a risk factor for future chronic conditions. Methods Adults aged 33–84 (N = 1,426; 57% female) in the Midlife in the United States Study reported sleep duration and emotions by telephone for eight consecutive days. Chronic conditions were assessed via checklist at baseline and at a median follow-up of eight years (range: 5–10 years). Short sleep was examined in three ways: person-centered continuous variable, ≤6 hr, and <7 hr; long sleep was defined as ≥9 hr. Results Multilevel structural equation models revealed that people with greater negative emotions following nights of sleep ≤6 hr (vs. their negative emotions after longer sleep) had increased chronic conditions at follow-up, compared to people who were less emotionally vulnerable to short sleep (Est. = 1.04, SE = .51, p < .028). Smaller declines in positive emotions following ≤6 hr of sleep were marginally predictive of lower risk for chronic conditions (Est. = –.77, SE = .44, p = .054). Emotional vulnerability to <7, ≥9, and continuous sleep hours were not associated with subsequent chronic conditions. Conclusions Emotional vulnerability to short sleep is a unique risk factor for the development of chronic conditions, independent of mean-level sleep duration and emotions.

中文翻译：

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短期睡眠的情绪脆弱性预示着 8 年内慢性健康状况的增加

背景 睡眠是第二天情绪的重要决定因素，但人们在睡眠时间短后的几天内情绪波动的程度各不相同。这些日常睡眠和情绪动态的个体差异可能会对健康产生长期影响。目的 评估对短睡眠的情绪脆弱性（睡眠时间和第二天情绪之间的个人关联）作为未来慢性病的风险因素。方法 美国中年研究中 33-84 岁的成年人（N = 1,426；57% 女性）连续八天通过电话报告睡眠时间和情绪。通过基线检查表和中位随访八年（范围：5-10 年）评估慢性病。以三种方式检查短睡眠：以人为中心的连续变量，≤6 小时和 <7 小时；长时间睡眠被定义为≥9 小时。结果 多层次结构方程模型显示，与在情绪上不太容易受到短睡眠影响的人相比，睡眠时间≤6 小时后负面情绪更大的人（与他们在较长睡眠后的负面情绪相比）在随访时慢性病增加。 Est. = 1.04，SE = .51，p < .028)。睡眠时间 ≤ 6 小时后，积极情绪的较小下降略微预示着慢性病的风险较低（Est. = –.77, SE = .44, p = .054）。<7、≥9 和连续睡眠时间的情绪易感性与随后的慢性病无关。结论 对短睡眠的情绪易感性是慢性病发展的独特风险因素，与平均睡眠时间和情绪无关。结果 多层次结构方程模型显示，与在情绪上不太容易受到短睡眠影响的人相比，睡眠时间≤6 小时后负面情绪更大的人（与他们在较长睡眠后的负面情绪相比）在随访时慢性病增加。 Est. = 1.04，SE = .51，p < .028)。睡眠时间 ≤ 6 小时后，积极情绪的较小下降略微预示着慢性病的风险较低（Est. = –.77, SE = .44, p = .054）。<7、≥9 和连续睡眠时间的情绪易感性与随后的慢性病无关。结论 对短睡眠的情绪易感性是慢性病发展的独特风险因素，与平均睡眠时间和情绪无关。结果 多层次结构方程模型显示，与在情绪上不太容易受到短睡眠影响的人相比，睡眠时间≤6 小时后负面情绪更大的人（与他们在较长睡眠后的负面情绪相比）在随访时慢性病增加。 Est. = 1.04，SE = .51，p < .028)。睡眠时间 ≤ 6 小时后，积极情绪的较小下降略微预示着慢性病的风险较低（Est. = –.77, SE = .44, p = .054）。<7、≥9 和连续睡眠时间的情绪易感性与随后的慢性病无关。结论 对短睡眠的情绪易感性是慢性病发展的独特风险因素，与平均睡眠时间和情绪无关。