Pentraxin‐3 (PTX3) is a conserved protein of the innate immune system which has been less studied than the pentraxin C‐reactive protein (CRP), but it is of relevance in, for example, vascular pathology and pregnancy morbidities. Since the interest in salivary biomarkers in general is increasing, we asked whether PTX3 could be detected in saliva and if any substantial diurnal variation occurs. In addition, we evaluated association with biomarkers of systemic inflammation (interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐8 and CRP), body mass index (BMI), smoking, and age. PTX3 in morning and evening saliva from 106 middle‐aged participants of the general population was investigated by ELISA and total protein levels by spectrophotometry. PTX3 was detectable in saliva, and concentrations varied over the day with higher morning concentrations, but the PTX3 relative protein levels (percentage of total protein) were significantly higher in the evening. Sex and age did not impact salivary PTX3, but smoking was associated with lower PTX3 levels. BMI correlated positively with PTX3 in evening saliva. There was no general association with biomarkers of systemic inflammation, except for IL‐6. Salivary PTX3 likely reflects the local inflammatory milieu, and adjustments for sampling time, smoking habits, and BMI are needed to adequately interpret PTX3 in saliva.

中文翻译：

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在人类唾液中检测到的Pentraxin-3与系统性炎症相关的生物标志物相关性有限

Pentraxin-3（PTX3）是先天免疫系统的保守蛋白，与pentraxin C反应蛋白（CRP）相比，它的研究较少，但在例如，血管病理和妊娠发病率。由于一般对唾液生物标志物的兴趣正在增加，因此我们询问是否可以在唾液中检测到PTX3，以及是否发生任何实质性的昼夜变化。此外，我们评估了与全身性炎症（白介素（IL）-1β，IL-6和IL-8和CRP），体重指数（BMI），吸烟和年龄的生物标志物的相关性。通过ELISA和分光光度法对来自普通人群的106名中年参与者早，晚唾液中的PTX3进行了研究，并检测了总蛋白水平。在唾液中可检测到PTX3，并且其浓度在一天中随早晨浓度的升高而变化，但是PTX3相对蛋白水平（占总蛋白的百分比）在傍晚显着更高。性别和年龄不影响唾液PTX3，但吸烟与较低的PTX3水平有关。晚上的唾液中，BMI与PTX3正相关。除IL-6外，与全身性炎症的生物标志物没有一般关联。唾液PTX3可能反映了局部炎症环境，需要对采样时间，吸烟习惯和BMI进行调整，以充分解读唾液中的PTX3。