Psychological well-being has been associated with reduced mortality rates in both healthy and diseased populations. However, there is considerably less evidence on the effect of lifestyle behaviours on positive health outcomes such as well-being. This study examines the association between lifestyle behaviours and optimal well-being. From a total of 4324 Japanese individuals who participated in an annual health check-up in 2017, this study recruited 2295 participants (mean age: 49.3 ± 8.4 years; female: 54.3%) without a history of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, or chronic renal disease and not on medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidaemia. The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) scores were compared to self-reported scores on each of the following items: dietary habits, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between optimal well-being (the top quartile of WHO-5 scores) and individual lifestyle behaviours. The association between change in dietary habits and physical activity from 2016 to 2017 and optimal well-being was also investigated. Good dietary habits and regular physical activity were associated with higher raw WHO-5 scores and were positively associated with optimal well-being after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and sleep quality. Raw WHO-5 scores were significantly higher in those who maintained good dietary and physical activity behaviours than in those who did not. Furthermore, maintaining regular physical activity for two years was positively associated with optimal well-being, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and sleep quality. These results demonstrate that not only currently practising good dietary and physical activity behaviours but also maintaining such behaviours over time is associated with optimal well-being. Maintaining good lifestyle behaviours, particularly regarding physical activity, could potentially improve people’s well-being.

中文翻译：

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生活方式变化与中年日本人的最佳幸福感之间的关联

心理健康与健康和患病人群的死亡率降低相关。但是，关于生活方式行为对诸如健康之类的积极健康结果的影响的证据很少。这项研究探讨了生活方式行为与最佳幸福感之间的关联。该研究从2017年参加年度健康检查的4324名日本人中招募了2295名无脑血管，心血管或慢性肾脏病病史的参与者（平均年龄：49.3±8.4岁;女性：54.3％）而不是用于高血压，糖尿病或血脂异常的药物。将世界卫生组织的五项幸福指数（WHO-5）得分与以下各项的自我报告得分进行比较：饮食习惯，体育锻炼，吸烟，饮酒和睡眠质量。Logistic回归分析用于检验最佳幸福感（WHO-5得分的最高四分位数）与个人生活方式之间的联系。还研究了2016年至2017年饮食习惯和体育锻炼与最佳幸福感之间的关系。良好的饮食习惯和定期进行体育锻炼与较高的原始WHO-5得分相关，并且在调整了年龄，性别，体重指数（BMI）和睡眠质量后，与最佳健康水平呈正相关。饮食和体育锻炼行为良好的人的原始WHO-5得分显着高于那些没有良好饮食和身体活动的人。此外，在调整了年龄，性别，BMI，和睡眠质量。这些结果表明，不仅当前实行良好的饮食和身体活动行为，而且随着时间的流逝保持这种行为都与最佳幸福感相关。保持良好的生活方式，特别是在体育锻炼方面，可能会改善人们的幸福感。