Recent literature on global value chains (GVCs) has mainly focused on manufacturing firms’ global sourcing and investment strategies. Our question here is that, if the manufacturing firms established foreign manufacturing plants and engaged in sourcing inputs and exporting outputs, have they changed their domestic employment composition toward service workers? This is what we call servicification of manufacturing firms in this paper. To answer this question, using Korean firm-establishments matched data, we examine changes in the shares of service employment in manufacturing firms from 2008 to 2013, when those firms are participating in both import-and-export and foreign direct investment (i.e., GVC firms). We find that the two-way trading firms that own manufacturing plants in foreign countries—and particularly in nearby foreign countries—have changed their domestic employment structures to increase the number of service workers they employ. Moreover, the relatively greater increase in the share of R&D workers than of wholesale-and-retail workers serves as further evidence of the servicification of domestic manufacturing. Overall, our findings suggest that Korean firms who engage in GVCs through both trade and foreign direct investment have reorganized domestic labor structure to be able to provide high value-added headquarter services for their manufacturing plants that are closely located in foreign countries.

关于全球价值链（GVC）的最新文献主要集中在制造公司的全球采购和投资策略上。我们在这里的问题是，如果制造公司建立了外国制造工厂并从事采购投入和出口产出，它们是否将其国内就业构成改变为服务工人？这就是本文中所谓的制造公司服务化。为了回答这个问题，我们使用韩国企业建立的匹配数据，研究了2008年至2013年制造业企业服务业就业份额的变化，当时这些企业同时参与进出口和外国直接投资（即GVC）公司）。我们发现，在国外（尤其是在附近的外国）拥有制造工厂的双向贸易公司已经改变了其国内就业结构，以增加其雇用的服务工人的数量。此外，与批发和零售业工人相比，研发工人所占份额的增长相对更大，这进一步证明了国内制造业的服务化。总体而言，我们的发现表明，通过贸易和外国直接投资参与全球价值链的韩国公司已经重组了国内劳动力结构，从而能够为其在国外的制造工厂提供高附加值的总部服务。与批发和零售业工人相比，研发工人所占份额的增长相对更大，这进一步证明了国内制造业的服务化。总体而言，我们的发现表明，通过贸易和外国直接投资参与全球价值链的韩国公司已经重组了国内劳动力结构，从而能够为其在国外的制造工厂提供高附加值的总部服务。与批发和零售业工人相比，研发工人所占份额的增长相对更大，这进一步证明了国内制造业的服务化。总体而言，我们的发现表明，通过贸易和外国直接投资参与全球价值链的韩国公司已经重组了国内劳动力结构，从而能够为其在国外的制造工厂提供高附加值的总部服务。