Although significant improvements have been made in the outcomes of children with cancer, the pace of improvement has slowed in recent years as the limits of therapy intensification may have been reached for many pediatric cancers. Furthermore, with increasing numbers of pediatric cancer survivors, the long-term side effects of treatment have become increasingly apparent. Therefore, attention has shifted to the use of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies to improve the outcomes of children who are not cured by traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies and to decrease exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy and reduce late effects. This review describes the recent progress in the treatment of children with cancer, focusing in particular on diseases in which targeted and immunotherapeutic agents have made an impact.

中文翻译：

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儿童癌症治疗新进展

尽管儿童癌症的治疗效果有了显着改善，但近年来改善的速度有所放缓，因为许多儿科癌症可能已经达到了强化治疗的极限。此外，随着儿童癌症幸存者人数的增加，治疗的长期副作用变得越来越明显。因此，注意力已经转移到使用分子靶向药物和免疫疗法来改善传统细胞毒性化学疗法无法治愈的儿童的预后，并减少细胞毒性化学疗法的暴露并减少后期效应。本综述描述了儿童癌症治疗的最新进展，特别关注靶向和免疫治疗药物产生影响的疾病。