A series of experiments was performed to investigate the evacuation speed distribution in a darkened smoke-filled full-scale tunnel where participants are expected to perform urgent evacuation, the results of which provide fundamental patterns for evacuating pedestrian traffic in the event of tunnel fires. The extinction coefficient was divided into levels, namely, 0 (no smoke), I (0.01–0.5 m⁻¹), II (0.5–1.0 m⁻¹), and III (>1.0 m⁻¹), the probability distribution of evacuation speeds of which were found to approximate gamma, and lognormal distributions, as reported by Seike et al. (2020) considering zero-visibility tunnel conditions. The results of the statistical analysis were used for determining the relationship between emergency evacuation speed and extinction coefficient of up to Cs = 2.2 m⁻¹ through a set of formulations, which agree that the evacuation speed decreases with greater values of extinction coefficient. Based on the comparison between the present experimental results and that of the Swedish group, it was considered that the evacuation speed decreased rapidly at around Cs = 4 m⁻¹, after which it approached Seike et al.’s (2020) values asymptotically.

进行了一系列实验，研究了烟雾弥漫的大型隧道的疏散速度分布，预计参与者将进行紧急疏散，其结果提供了在隧道起火时疏散行人交通的基本模式。消光系数分为多个级别，即0（无烟），I（0.01-0.5 m ^-1），II（0.5-1.0 m ^-1）和III（> 1.0 m ^-1）。），疏散速度的概率分布被发现近似于伽玛，对数正态分布，如Seike等人报道。（2020）考虑零可见性隧道条件。统计分析的结果用于通过一组公式确定紧急避难速度与最高Cs  = 2.2 m ^-1的消光系数之间的关系，这表明避难速度随着消光系数的增加而降低。根据目前的实验结果与瑞典小组的比较，认为撤离速度在Cs  = 4 m ^-1附近迅速下降。之后，它渐近地接近Seike等人（2020）的值。