While Ecosystem Services (ES) are crucial for sustaining human wellbeing, urban development can threaten their sustainable supply. Following recent EU directives, many countries in Europe are implementing laws and regulations to protect and improve ES at local and regional levels. However, urban planning regulations already consider mandatory compensation for the loss of nature, and this compensation is often restricted to replacing green with green in other locations. This situation might lead to the loss of ES in areas subject to urban development, a loss that would eventually be replaced elsewhere. Therefore, ES assessments should be included in urban planning to improve the environmental conditions of urban landscapes where development takes place. Using an actual planning and development example that involves a proposed road to a restructured former industrial area in Bochum, Germany, we developed an ad-hoc assessment to compare a standard environmental compensation approach applying ES. We evaluated the impact of the planned construction alternatives with both approaches. In a second step, we selected the alternative with a lower impact and estimated the ES losses from the compensation measures. Our findings show that an ES assessment provides a solid basis for the selection of development alternatives, the identification of compensation areas, and the estimation of compensation amounts, with the benefit of improving the environmental quality of the affected areas. Our method was effective in strengthening urban planning, using ES science in the assessment and evaluation of urban development alternatives.

中文翻译：

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谁支付账单？在城市规划背景下评估生态系统服务损失

虽然生态系统服务（ES）对于维持人类福祉至关重要，但城市发展可能会威胁其可持续供应。根据最近的欧盟指令，欧洲许多国家/地区正在执行法律和法规，以在地方和地区级别保护和改善ES。但是，城市规划法规已经考虑了对自然损失的强制性补偿，并且这种补偿通常仅限于在其他位置用绿色替代绿色。这种情况可能会导致受城市发展影响的地区失去ES，这种损失最终将在其他地方得到弥补。因此，ES评估应包括在城市规划中，以改善进行开发的城市景观的环境条件。我们使用一个实际的规划和开发示例，其中涉及一条拟议中的通往德国波鸿的重组前工业区的道路，我们开发了一个临时评估，以比较采用ES的标准环境补偿方法。我们用两种方法评估了计划中的施工替代方案的影响。在第二步中，我们选择了影响较小的替代方案，并根据补偿措施估算了ES损失。我们的发现表明，ES评估为选择替代发展方案，确定补偿区域和估算补偿金额提供了坚实的基础，从而有利于改善受影响地区的环境质量。我们的方法有效地加强了城市规划，