Abstract

Objective

The loss of a friend or family member to suicide, i.e., surviving suicide, can be devastating. Yet, little is known regarding the support received by survivors of suicide. We aimed to examine the characteristics of survivors of suicide who sought counseling from a Danish volunteer organization.

Method

Data on all users of the Danish Network for those Affected by Suicidal Behavior (NASB) were obtained during 2012–2018. Information on age, sex, relation, time of loss, municipality was analyzed, and geographical driving distances calculated.

Results

Altogether, 1,268 survivors of suicide (mean age 43.3; 29.8% of all suicides) received counseling from NASB. In all, 81.8% of service users had lost a partner or first-degree relative; those being spouses/partners (15.3%), parents (28.5%), children (19.0%), and siblings (15.4%). Female service users (71.1%) outnumbered males (28.7%). A third of users sought counseling within 6-months of the death. A help-seeking rate of 6 users per 10 suicide deaths was found within close proximity to a counseling venue; equivalent of 5.5 (95% CI: 5.0–6.0) users per 100,000 inhabitants. Each additional 10 km of driving distance was associated with a 15% lower rate of use (b: −0.015; 95% CI: 0.027 to 0.003; p = 0.013).

Conclusion

Geographical proximity to help centers was important and could suggest that support might be lacking in some parts of the country. It seems likely that more than 0.6 persons per suicide might seek counseling from volunteer organizations if services were available within short driving distance.

• HIGHLIGHTS

• More than one out of three who sought support after a suicide death were partners or first-degree relatives and only a third of users who sought counseling did so within 6-months of the death. Also, female sought counseling more frequently than males.

• Approximately 5.5 people per 100,000 inhabitants sought help after a suicide in areas where a counseling venue was within short driving distance.

• Based on the region with most counseling venues, 6 survivors would seek support per 10 suicide deaths.

中文翻译：

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丹麦非政府组织寻求自杀咨询的幸存者特征：国家数据库分析

摘要

客观的

朋友或家人因自杀而丧生，即自杀后幸存下来，可能是毁灭性的。然而，关于自杀幸存者获得的支持却鲜为人知。我们旨在调查向丹麦志愿者组织寻求咨询的自杀幸存者的特征。

方法

在 2012 年至 2018 年期间获得了有关受自杀行为 (NASB) 影响的丹麦网络的所有用户的数据。分析了有关年龄、性别、关系、丢失时间、城市的信息，并计算了地理驾驶距离。

结果

总共有 1,268 名自杀幸存者（平均年龄 43.3 岁；占所有自杀者的 29.8%）接受了 NASB 的咨询。总共有 81.8% 的服务使用者失去了伴侣或直系亲属；配偶/伴侣（15.3%）、父母（28.5%）、子女（19.0%）和兄弟姐妹（15.4%）。女性服务使用者（71.1%）多于男性（28.7%）。三分之一的用户在死亡后 6 个月内寻求咨询。在咨询场所附近发现每 10 名自杀死亡者中有 6 名用户寻求帮助；相当于每 100,000 名居民有 5.5 (95% CI: 5.0–6.0) 用户。每增加 10 公里的行驶距离，使用率就会降低 15%（b：-0.015；95% CI：0.027 至 0.003；p  = 0.013）。

结论

靠近帮助中心的地理位置很重要，这可能表明该国某些地区可能缺乏支持。如果在很短的驾驶距离内提供服务，似乎有超过 0.6 人自杀可能会向志愿组织寻求咨询。

• 强调

• 在自杀身亡后寻求帮助的人中，超过三分之一是伴侣或一级亲属，只有三分之一寻求咨询的用户是在死亡后 6 个月内这样做的。此外，女性比男性更频繁地寻求咨询。

• 每 100,000 名居民中约有 5.5 人在距离咨询场所不远的地区自杀后寻求帮助。

• 根据咨询场所最多的地区，每 10 名自杀死亡，就有 6 名幸存者会寻求支持。