Sustainable development of the transport system has been the consensus around the world for the past decades. Encouraged by the urgent need for cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, vehicle electrification has been advancing at an unprecedented pace. As a major component of the multimodal transportation system, public transit is at the forefront of adopting battery technology into its operation. Battery Electric Bus (BEB), with superior features such as zero-emission and reduced noise, is made ready for commercial deployment in the past several years. However, it is still a grand challenge to successfully deploy BEB system given the nature of the public transit system and the unique spatio-temporal characteristics of BEB. This research presents a bi-objective optimization model for BEB deployment to consider constraints unique to the BEB system and to address the trade-off between environmental equity for the disadvantaged population and capital investment. The model is further demonstrated using the transit system operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) to offer insights on the benefits gained as a result of BEB deployment. Optimal deployment plans under different budgets are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the model. The trade-offs in each of the plans are further discussed and compared. This research set the foundation for transit agencies to develop optimal deployment strategies for BEB systems when multiple goals need to be considered, allowing planners and decision-makers to create a transportation ecosystem that better serves livable and sustainable communities.

中文翻译：

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考虑成本和环境公平的电池电动客车部署双目标优化

在过去的几十年中，运输系统的可持续发展一直是世界范围内的共识。在迫切需要更清洁的化石燃料替代品的鼓舞下，汽车电气化以前所未有的速度向前发展。作为多式联运系统的主要组成部分，公共交通站在将电池技术运用于其运营的最前沿。电池电动巴士（BEB）具有零排放和降低噪音等卓越功能，在过去的几年中已为商业部署做好了准备。然而，鉴于公共交通系统的性质和BEB的独特时空特性，成功部署BEB系统仍然是一个巨大的挑战。这项研究为BEB部署提出了一个双目标优化模型，以考虑BEB系统特有的约束条件，并解决弱势群体的环境公平与资本投资之间的权衡问题。使用犹他州交通管理局（UTA）运营的交通系统进一步演示了该模型，以提供有关BEB部署所带来的收益的见解。提供了不同预算下的最佳部署计划，以说明该模型的有效性。每个计划中的权衡将进一步讨论和比较。这项研究为公交机构在需要考虑多个目标时为BEB系统制定最佳部署策略奠定了基础，