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Meteorological Electromagnetics: Optical and Radar Measurements, Modeling, and Characterization of Snowflakes and Snow
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1109/map.2021.3054298
Branislav Notaros 1
Affiliation  

We introduce the concepts, methodologies, and applications of meteorological electromagnetics with a focus on snow, which currently is the least understood component of the global water cycle. As "no two snowflakes are alike," the intricacies of snowflakes and snowfall are both truly fascinating and extremely challenging to measure, analyze, and predict. We describe a unique approach to the characterization of winter precipitation through the synergistic use of advanced optical instrumentation for in situ microphysical and geometrical measurements of ice and snow particles; image processing techniques to obtain the fall speed, size distribution, 3D shape (mesh), density, and effective dielectric constant of snowflakes; method of moments (MoM) scattering computations of precipitation particles; and state-of-the-art dualpolarization radars for the measurement of polarimetric scattering observables. We discuss the operations, observations, and analyses using this approach during a snow field campaign that took place in Colorado, United States, from 2014 to 2017, and we also introduce an international collaborative field program in association with the 2018 Winter Olympics in South Korea. One goal of this article is to promote meteorological electromagnetics as an interdisciplinary field where nature, science, and technology meet in some of the most fascinating and rewarding ways and where many key areas of interest and endeavors of the antennas and propagation community play an indispensable role.

中文翻译:

气象电磁学:雪花和雪的光学和雷达测量,建模和特征

我们介绍了气象电磁学的概念,方法和应用,重点是积雪,积雪是目前全球水循环中鲜为人知的组成部分。由于“没有两个雪花是相同的”,因此雪花和降雪的复杂性确实令人着迷,并且对测量,分析和预测都极具挑战性。我们通过先进的光学仪器协同使用来对冰雪颗粒进行原位微物理和几何测量,描述了一种表征冬季降水的独特方法;图像处理技术可获取雪花的下落速度,尺寸分布,3D形状(网格),密度和有效介电常数;沉淀颗粒的矩量法(MoM)散射计算;以及用于测量偏振散射观测值的最新双极化雷达。我们在2014年至2017年于美国科罗拉多州举行的一场雪地运动中,讨论了使用这种方法的操作,观察和分析,此外,我们还与2018年韩国冬季奥运会相结合,推出了一项国际合作野外项目。本文的一个目标是促进气象电磁学成为一个跨学科领域,自然,科学和技术以某些最引人入胜和最有意义的方式相遇,并且天线和传播界的许多关键领域和研究领域都起着不可或缺的作用。并在2014年至2017年在美国科罗拉多州举行的一场雪地运动中使用这种方法进行了分析,此外,我们还与2018年韩国冬季奥运会相结合,推出了一项国际合作野外项目。本文的一个目标是促进气象电磁学成为一个跨学科领域,自然,科学和技术以某些最引人入胜和最有意义的方式相遇,并且天线和传播界的许多关键领域和研究领域都起着不可或缺的作用。并在2014年至2017年在美国科罗拉多州举行的一场雪地运动中使用这种方法进行了分析,此外,我们还与2018年韩国冬季奥运会相结合,推出了一项国际合作野外项目。本文的一个目标是促进气象电磁学成为一个跨学科领域,自然,科学和技术以某些最引人入胜和最有意义的方式相遇,并且天线和传播界的许多关键领域和研究领域都起着不可或缺的作用。
更新日期:2021-04-02
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