Internet applications remain exposed to pervasive Domain Name System (DNS)–based threats. Blockchain technologies provide a new way for tackling DNS vulnerability issues, and have been highlighted recently. However, traditional blockchain is still not well suited for big data applications such as DNS, because the performance of blockchain consensus greatly limits its practical adoption. In this paper, we present DagGridLedger, a sharded directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain that provides scalable big data architecture for trustful DNS management. To achieve this goal, DagGridLedger proposes a radical new architecture that combines blockchain sharding and DAG techniques on the DNS resolver side, thereby making it a promising solution to enhance the security and stability of large-scale DNS system. To be specific, DagGridLedger provides a blockchain structure targeting DNS application, which employs a high-performance DAG consensus algorithm named DagGrid. DagGrid consensus realizes a multi-DNS negotiation mechanism through block sharding in generating a block. With an improved asynchronous leaderless Byzantine consensus, DagGrid implements total order determination, which guarantees the trustful DNS management. Further experiments verified the performance of DagGridLedger as well as the applicability of the proposed blockchain architecture in traditional DNS. To this end, DagGridLedger consistently achieves a big data architecture for secure DNS record management, with a novel shared DAG consensus designed for high throughput. This makes DagGridLedger a promising architecture for highly secure and efficient DNS solution.

Internet应用程序仍然面临普遍的基于域名系统（DNS）的威胁。区块链技术提供了一种解决DNS漏洞问题的新方法，并且最近得到了强调。但是，传统的区块链仍然不太适合DNS等大数据应用程序，因为区块链共识的性能极大地限制了其实际应用。在本文中，我们介绍了DagGridLedger，这是一种分片有向无环图（DAG）区块链，可为可信赖的DNS管理提供可扩展的大数据架构。为了实现此目标，DagGridLedger提出了一种全新的架构，该架构在DNS解析器端结合了区块链分片和DAG技术，从而使其成为增强大型DNS系统的安全性和稳定性的有前途的解决方案。再具体一点，DagGridLedger提供了一个针对DNS应用程序的区块链结构，该结构采用了名为DagGrid的高性能DAG共识算法。DagGrid共识通过生成块中的块分片来实现多DNS协商机制。通过改进的异步无领导者拜占庭共识，DagGrid实现了总订单确定，从而保证了可信赖的DNS管理。进一步的实验验证了DagGridLedger的性能以及所提议的区块链体系结构在传统DNS中的适用性。为此，DagGridLedger通过设计用于高吞吐量的新颖共享DAG共识，始终实现用于安全DNS记录管理的大数据架构。这使得DagGridLedger成为用于高度安全和高效DNS解决方案的有前途的体系结构。